How to format your references using the Zootaxa citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Zootaxa. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Madden, J.D. (2007) Mobile robots: motor challenges and materials solutions. Science (New York, N.Y.), 318 (5853), 1094–1097.

A journal article with 2 authors

Stoeckle, M.Y. & Coffran, C. (2013) TreeParser-aided Klee diagrams display taxonomic clusters in DNA barcode and nuclear gene datasets. Scientific reports, 3, 2635.

A journal article with 3 authors

Standen, E.M., Du, T.Y. & Larsson, H.C.E. (2014) Developmental plasticity and the origin of tetrapods. Nature, 513 (7516), 54–58.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Kim, J.B., Greber, B., Araúzo-Bravo, M.J., Meyer, J., Park, K.I., Zaehres, H. & Schöler, H.R. (2009) Direct reprogramming of human neural stem cells by OCT4. Nature, 461 (7264), 649–643.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Durbin, P.A. & Reif, B.A.P. (2010) Statistical Theory and Modeling for Turbulent Flows. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK.

An edited book

López, T. (2011) Voltage Regulators for Next Generation Microprocessors. Elferich, R. & Alarcón, E. (Eds). Springer, New York, NY, XXV, 401 p p.

A chapter in an edited book

Escalera, S., Baró, X., Pujol, O., Vitrià, J. & Radeva, P. (2011) Traffic Sign Categorization. In: Baró, X., Pujol, O., Vitrià, J., & Radeva, P. (Eds), Traffic-Sign Recognition Systems. SpringerBriefs in Computer Science. Springer, London, pp. 53–80.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Zootaxa.

Blog post

Andrews, R. (2015) NASA Successfully Tests New Heat Shield Designed For Breaching Mars’ Atmosphere. IFLScience.

Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/space/nasa-successfully-tests-new-heat-shield-designed-future-martian-exploration-missions/ (accessed 30 October 2018)

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2007) Emergency Management: Status of School Districts’ Planning and Preparedness. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Kovacev, R.J. (2008) Encouraging employee entrepreneurial spirit: A phenomenological case study of a large technology enterprise. Doctoral dissertation. University of Phoenix.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Szirtes, G. (2016) Love and Violence. New York Times, BR23.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Madden 2007).
This sentence cites two references (Madden 2007; Stoeckle & Coffran 2013).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Stoeckle & Coffran 2013)
Three or more authors: (Kim et al. 2009)

About the journal

Full journal title	Zootaxa
Abbreviation	Zootaxa
ISSN (print)	1175-5326
ISSN (online)	1175-5334
Scope	Animal Science and Zoology Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics