How to format your references using the Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society (ZJLS). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Nowak MA. 2004. Prisoners of the dilemma. Nature 427: 491.

A journal article with 2 authors

Bier E, De Robertis EM. 2015. EMBRYO DEVELOPMENT. BMP gradients: A paradigm for morphogen-mediated developmental patterning. Science (New York, N.Y.) 348: aaa5838.

A journal article with 3 authors

Frommer WB, Schulze WX, Lalonde S. 2003. Plant science. Hexokinase, Jack-of-all-trades. Science (New York, N.Y.) 300: 261–263.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Inoue K, Kohda T, Lee J, Ogonuki N, Mochida K, Noguchi Y, Tanemura K, Kaneko-Ishino T, Ishino F, Ogura A. 2002. Faithful expression of imprinted genes in cloned mice. Science (New York, N.Y.) 295: 297.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

van Helvoort H. 2006. SDH/SONET Explained in Functional Models. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Mackey A. 2012. Introducing .NET 4.5 (W Tulloch and M Krishnan, Eds.). Berkeley, CA: Apress.

A chapter in an edited book

Chan SC. 2014. Light Field. In: Ikeuchi K, ed. Computer Vision: A Reference Guide. Boston, MA: Springer US, 447–453.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society.

Blog post

Andrew D. 2016. No Time To Exercise? Then This Training Programme Might Be For You. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 2017. Radioactive Sources: Opportunities Exist for Federal Agencies to Strengthen Transportation Security. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

French DC. 2012. A Case against E-Waste: Where One Country’s Trash is (Not) Another Country’s Treasure: Developing National E-Waste Legislation to Regulate E-Waste Exportation. Unpublished thesis, George Washington University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Ayittey GBN. 2012. After Revolutions, Beware of Crocodiles. New York Times: A23.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Nowak, 2004).
This sentence cites two references (Nowak, 2004; Bier & De Robertis, 2015).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Bier & De Robertis, 2015)
Three authors: (Frommer et al., 2003)
4 or more authors: (Inoue et al., 2002)

About the journal

Full journal title	Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society
Abbreviation	Zool. J. Linn. Soc.
ISSN (print)	0024-4082
ISSN (online)	1096-3642
Scope	Animal Science and Zoology Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics