How to format your references using the Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society (ZJLS). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Schlessinger J. 2004. Common and distinct elements in cellular signaling via EGF and FGF receptors. Science (New York, N.Y.) 306: 1506–1507.

A journal article with 2 authors

Modlin RL, Bloom BR. 2001. Immunology. Chip shots--will functional genomics get functional? Science (New York, N.Y.) 294: 799–801.

A journal article with 3 authors

Powner MW, Gerland B, Sutherland JD. 2009. Synthesis of activated pyrimidine ribonucleotides in prebiotically plausible conditions. Nature 459: 239–242.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Zhou WP, Li Q, Xiong YQ, Zhang QM, Wang DH, Cao QQ, Lv LY, Du YW. 2014. Electric field manipulation of magnetic and transport properties in SrRuO3/Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3 heterostructure. Scientific reports 4: 6991.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Smirnov BM. 2010. Cluster Processes in Gases and Plasmas. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA.

An edited book

Hyakusoku H, Orgill DP, Teot L, Pribaz JJ, Ogawa R (Eds.). 2010. Color Atlas of Burn Reconstructive Surgery. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Atweh B. 2011. Quality and Equity in Mathematics Education as Ethical Issues. In: Atweh B,, In: Graven M,, In: Secada W,, In: Valero P, eds. Mapping Equity and Quality in Mathematics Education. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 63–75.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society.

Blog post

Luntz S. 2016. A Metabolism Booster That Might Actually Be Real. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1993. Technology Transfer: Implementation of CRADAs at NIST, Army, and DOE. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Boudreau ML. 2014. Chanter en français en Louisiane: Du passé vers le futur. Unpublished thesis, University of Louisiana.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Forsythe M, Stevenson A. 2017. Chief of Chinese Firm Is Detained. New York Times: B1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Schlessinger, 2004).
This sentence cites two references (Modlin & Bloom, 2001; Schlessinger, 2004).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Modlin & Bloom, 2001)
Three or more authors: (Zhou et al., 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society
Abbreviation	Zool. J. Linn. Soc.
ISSN (print)	0024-4082
ISSN (online)	1096-3642
Scope	Animal Science and Zoology Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics