How to format your references using the Worm citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Worm. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Cannon B. Sensation and loss. Nature 2013; 503:S2-3.

A journal article with 2 authors

Lazazzera BA, Hughes D. Genetics: Location affects sporulation. Nature 2015; 525:42–3.

A journal article with 3 authors

Jeffrey JL, Terrett JA, MacMillan DWC. O-H hydrogen bonding promotes H-atom transfer from α C-H bonds for C-alkylation of alcohols. Science 2015; 349:1532–6.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Humeau Y, Shaban H, Bissière S, Lüthi A. Presynaptic induction of heterosynaptic associative plasticity in the mammalian brain. Nature 2003; 426:841–5.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Kaul S, Ali F, Janakiram S, Wattenström B. Business Models for Sustainable Telecoms Growth in Developing Economies. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2008.

An edited book

Brown A, Kirpal S, Rauner F, editors. Identities at Work. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2007.

A chapter in an edited book

Fournais S, Helffer B. Constant Field Models in Dimension 2: Discs and Their Complements. In: Helffer B, editor. Spectral Methods in Surface Superconductivity. Boston, MA: Birkhäuser; 2009. page 51–65.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Worm.

Blog post

Fang J. Ancient Reptilian Sea Monster Also Took To Land. IFLScience2014;

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Maritime Administration: Ship Disposal Program Needs Improved Communications and Updated Strategic Plan. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2014.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Vatankhah I. Purification of Industrial Grade Urea for diesel exhaust pollution reduction. 2017;

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Leland J. Was It ‘Normal New York City Conversation’? Did Trump Speak Fast? New York Times2017; :A23.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Worm
Abbreviation	Worm
ISSN (print)	2162-4046
ISSN (online)	2162-4054
Scope