How to format your references using the Worm citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Worm. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Foley JA. AtmospheRIC science. Tipping points in the tundra. Science 2005; 310:627–8.

A journal article with 2 authors

Yang J, Reth M. Oligomeric organization of the B-cell antigen receptor on resting cells. Nature 2010; 467:465–9.

A journal article with 3 authors

Oxborrow M, Breeze JD, Alford NM. Room-temperature solid-state maser. Nature 2012; 488:353–6.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Korb J, Weil T, Hoffmann K, Foster KR, Rehli M. A gene necessary for reproductive suppression in termites. Science 2009; 324:758.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Reiher M, Wolf A. Relativistic Quantum Chemistry. D-69451 Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH; 2014.

An edited book

Rowley CK. Readings in Public Choice and Constitutional Political Economy. Boston, MA: Springer US; 2008.

A chapter in an edited book

Bonnoit AC, Wittmann R. Consequences for Circuit Design and Case Studies. In: Dietrich M, Haase J, editors. Process Variations and Probabilistic Integrated Circuit Design. New York, NY: Springer; 2012. page 181–213.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Worm.

Blog post

Evans K. Rescuers Battle To Save Remaining Whales After Hundreds Die In Huge Mass Stranding. IFLScience2017;

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Applying Agreed-Upon Procedures: Airport and Airway Trust Fund Excise Taxes. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2007.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Dusso AP. The psychology of institutional development: How parties’ willingness to accept risk affects the districts they draw and the seats they win. 2010;

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Wagner J. Brought Together by a Fight With Cancer and a Love of Baseball. New York Times2017; :D2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Worm
Abbreviation	Worm
ISSN (print)	2162-4046
ISSN (online)	2162-4054
Scope