How to format your references using the World Patent Information citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for World Patent Information. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

R. Triendl, Chance to make a difference in Japan, Nature. 417 (2002) 7.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

F. Radtke, H. Clevers, Self-renewal and cancer of the gut: two sides of a coin, Science. 307 (2005) 1904–1909.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

D.P. Mersch, A. Crespi, L. Keller, Tracking individuals shows spatial fidelity is a key regulator of ant social organization, Science. 340 (2013) 1090–1093.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

B.A. Brooks, J. Foster, D. Sandwell, C.J. Wolfe, P. Okubo, M. Poland, D. Myer, Magmatically triggered slow slip at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii, Science. 321 (2008) 1177.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

E. Padilla, Substation Automation Systems, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK, 2015.

An edited book

[1]

G. Rehm, H. Uszkoreit, eds., The English Language in the Digital Age, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2012.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

H. Yamaguchi, J.R. Lee, J.R. Goldenring, M. Kaminishi, Fundic Mucosal Change Associated with Oxyntic Atrophy, in: M. Kaminishi, K. Takubo, K.-I. Mafune (Eds.), The Diversity of Gastric Carcinoma: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Therapy, Springer, Tokyo, 2005: pp. 87–96.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for World Patent Information.

Blog post

[1]

D. Andrew, How Looking Into Space Can Help Our Understanding Of Climate Change On Earth, IFLScience. (2016). https://www.iflscience.com/environment/how-looking-into-space-can-help-our-understanding-of-climate-change-on-earth/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, Contract Management: Few Competing Proposals for Large DOD Information Technology Orders, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 2000.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

L. Du, Economic model for vehicle ownership quota policy analysis, Doctoral dissertation, University of Maryland, College Park, 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

K. Feeney, A Focus on Cheese, New York Times. (2011) NJ10.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	World Patent Information
Abbreviation	World Pat. Inf.
ISSN (print)	0172-2190
Scope	Bioengineering Process Chemistry and Technology Computer Science Applications Energy Engineering and Power Technology Fuel Technology Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment Library and Information Sciences

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