How to format your references using the World Patent Information citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for World Patent Information. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

G. Cavalli, Molecular biology. EZH2 goes solo, Science. 338 (2012) 1430–1431.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

L. Andrews, X. Wang, The infrared spectrum of Al2H6 in solid hydrogen, Science. 299 (2003) 2049–2052.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

L.M. Chiappe, L. Salgado, R.A. Coria, Embryonic skulls of titanosaur sauropod dinosaurs, Science. 293 (2001) 2444–2446.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

H. Sevinçli, C. Sevik, T. Caın, G. Cuniberti, A bottom-up route to enhance thermoelectric figures of merit in graphene nanoribbons, Sci. Rep. 3 (2013) 1228.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

V.O. Safonov, Trustworthy Cloud Computing, John Wiley & Sons, Inc, Hoboken, NJ, 2016.

An edited book

[1]

R.M. Corless, A Graduate Introduction to Numerical Methods: From the Viewpoint of Backward Error Analysis, Springer, New York, NY, 2013.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

N. Mellal, R. Dapoigny, P. Barlatier, L. Foulloy, Modeling and Multi-agent Specification of IF-Based Distributed Goal Ontologies, in: M. Ali, R. Dapoigny (Eds.), Advances in Applied Artificial Intelligence: 19th International Conference on Industrial, Engineering and Other Applications of Applied Intelligent Systems, IEA/AIE 2006, Annecy, France, June 27-30, 2006. Proceedings, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2006: pp. 14–23.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for World Patent Information.

Blog post

[1]

S. Luntz, Newton’s Apple Tree Genome Sequenced For Comparison With Modern Trees, IFLScience. (2016). https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/newtons-apple-tree-genome-sequenced-for-comparison-with-modern-trees/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, NASA: Compliance with Cost Limits, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 2005.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

R.M. Shakya, Watershed-Scale Evaluation of Flood Reduction Effect of Low Impact Development Designs, Doctoral dissertation, Southern Illinois University, 2014.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

B. Kenigsberg, Master, New York Times. (2017) C12.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	World Patent Information
Abbreviation	World Pat. Inf.
ISSN (print)	0172-2190
Scope	Bioengineering Process Chemistry and Technology Computer Science Applications Energy Engineering and Power Technology Fuel Technology Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment Library and Information Sciences

Research and Writing Guides