How to format your references using the World Patent Information citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for World Patent Information. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

D. Ebert, Genomics. A genome for the environment, Science 331 (2011) 539–540.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

C. Denicourt, S.F. Dowdy, Medicine. Targeting apoptotic pathways in cancer cells, Science 305 (2004) 1411–1413.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

S. Hauf, I.C. Waizenegger, J.M. Peters, Cohesin cleavage by separase required for anaphase and cytokinesis in human cells, Science 293 (2001) 1320–1323.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

J. Long, X. Huang, Y. Liao, X. Hu, J. Hu, S. Lui, R. Zhang, Y. Li, Q. Gong, Prediction of post-earthquake depressive and anxiety symptoms: a longitudinal resting-state fMRI study, Sci. Rep. 4 (2014) 6423.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

T.E. Southard, S.D. Marshall, L.L. Bonner, Orthodontics in the Vertical Dimension, John Wiley & Sons, Inc, Hoboken, NJ, 2015.

An edited book

[1]

K. Starke, M. Gaestel, eds., Molecular Chaperones in Health and Disease, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2006.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

J. Schröder, The Concept and Means of Legal Interpretation in the 18th Century, in: Y. Morigiwa, M. Stolleis, J.-L. Halperin (Eds.), Interpretation of Law in the Age of Enlightenment: From the Rule of the King to the Rule of Law, Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, 2011: pp. 91–105.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for World Patent Information.

Blog post

[1]

E. Andrew, We Could Find Alien Life, But Politicians Don’t Have The Will, IFLScience (2014).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, Telecommunications: Issues in Providing Cable and Satellite Television Services, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 2002.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

M.D. Heffner, Informing Decision-Making for Derailments Involving Hazmat: An Analysis of Phmsa Train Accident Data, Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach, 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

S. Kishkovsky, Russia: Blogger Meets With Cleric, New York Times (2012) A7.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	World Patent Information
Abbreviation	World Pat. Inf.
ISSN (print)	0172-2190
Scope	Bioengineering Process Chemistry and Technology Computer Science Applications Energy Engineering and Power Technology Fuel Technology Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment Library and Information Sciences