How to format your references using the World Patent Information citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for World Patent Information. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

P.A. Willems, The biofuels landscape through the lens of industrial chemistry, Science 325 (2009) 707–708.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

J.R. Spencer, T. Denk, Formation of Iapetus’ extreme albedo dichotomy by exogenically triggered thermal ice migration, Science 327 (2010) 432–435.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

D. Bolmatov, E.T. Musaev, K. Trachenko, Symmetry breaking gives rise to energy spectra of three states of matter, Sci. Rep. 3 (2013) 2794.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

M.H. Dar, A. de Janvry, K. Emerick, D. Raitzer, E. Sadoulet, Flood-tolerant rice reduces yield variability and raises expected yield, differentially benefitting socially disadvantaged groups, Sci. Rep. 3 (2013) 3315.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

T. Bartley, Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Cancer, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK, 2011.

An edited book

[1]

K. van de Poel, Communication Skills for Foreign and Mobile Medical Professionals, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2013.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

G. Regine, M. Atzori, R. Fabbri, Mdc in ecografia pediatrica e nello studio dei reflussi vescico-uretrali: «cistosonografia», in: M. Atzori, R. Fabbri (Eds.), Ecocontrastografia Dell’apparato Urinario, Springer, Milano, 2012: pp. 45–54.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for World Patent Information.

Blog post

[1]

D. Andrew, How The Brain Helps The Body Fight Bacteria, IFLScience (2017). https://www.iflscience.com/brain/how-the-brain-helps-the-body-fight-bacteria/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, Academy Preparatory Schools, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1993.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

C.A. Gunderson, The Moderating Effect of Type of Target on the Relationship between Collective Rumination and Displaced Aggression, Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach, 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

J.C. McKINLEY Jr., A. Southall, A.L. Baker, In the South Bronx, Lives Derailed by Guns, New York Times (2017) A28.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	World Patent Information
Abbreviation	World Pat. Inf.
ISSN (print)	0172-2190
Scope	Bioengineering Process Chemistry and Technology Computer Science Applications Energy Engineering and Power Technology Fuel Technology Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment Library and Information Sciences