How to format your references using the World Journal of Surgery citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for World Journal of Surgery. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Crow JM (2012) Therapeutics: Silencing psoriasis. Nature 492:S58-9

A journal article with 2 authors

Kronenberg M, Rudensky A (2005) Regulation of immunity by self-reactive T cells. Nature 435:598–604

A journal article with 3 authors

Berg RW, Alaburda A, Hounsgaard J (2007) Balanced inhibition and excitation drive spike activity in spinal half-centers. Science 315:390–393

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Fang L-Q, Li X-L, Liu K, et al (2013) Mapping spread and risk of avian influenza A (H7N9) in China. Sci Rep 3:2722

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Denison E, Ren GY (2014) Luke Him Sau Architect. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK

An edited book

Simpson SS, Weisburd D (2009) The Criminology of White-Collar Crime, 1st ed. Springer, New York, NY

A chapter in an edited book

Bhaumik P, Bandyopadhyay S (2006) A Mobility Tolerant Cluster Management Protocol with Dynamic Surrogate Cluster-Heads for a Large Ad Hoc Network. In: Chaudhuri S, Das SR, Paul HS, Tirthapura S (eds) Distributed Computing and Networking: 8th International Conference, ICDCN 2006, Guwahati, India, December 27-30, 2006. Proceedings. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 40–45

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for World Journal of Surgery.

Blog post

Taub B (2016) Incredible Photos Show Uncontacted Amazonian Tribe Living Perilously Close To Illegal Miners. In: IFLScience. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2000) Critical Infrastructure Protection: Comments on the National Plan for Information Systems Protection. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Schroder GL (2015) A quantitative study of critical thinking skills in bachelors of science nursing program students. Doctoral dissertation, University of Phoenix

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Otis J (2017) Unflinching Faith Moors 2 Victims of Hurricane Sandy in Life’s Storms. New York Times A23

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	World Journal of Surgery
Abbreviation	World J. Surg.
ISSN (print)	0364-2313
ISSN (online)	1432-2323
Scope	Surgery