How to format your references using the Water Science citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Water Science. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Owens, B., 2014. Cell physiology: The changing colour of fat. Nature 508, S52-3.

A journal article with 2 authors

Lewis, S.L., Maslin, M.A., 2015. Defining the anthropocene. Nature 519, 171–180.

A journal article with 3 authors

Schulte, D.M., Burke, R.P., Lipcius, R.N., 2009. Unprecedented restoration of a native oyster metapopulation. Science 325, 1124–1128.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Rosi, N.L., Giljohann, D.A., Thaxton, C.S., Lytton-Jean, A.K.R., Han, M.S., Mirkin, C.A., 2006. Oligonucleotide-modified gold nanoparticles for intracellular gene regulation. Science 312, 1027–1030.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Gupta, K.M., Gupta, N., 2015. Advanced Electrical and Electronics Materials. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

Bernard, L., Friis-Christensen, A., Pundt, H. (Eds.), 2008. The European Information Society: Taking Geoinformation Science One Step Further, Lecture Notes in Geoinformation and Cartography. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

A chapter in an edited book

Boel, R., Marinică, N., 2015. Leader–Follower Coordination Control for Urban Traffic, in: Schuppen, J.H. van, Villa, T. (Eds.), Coordination Control of Distributed Systems, Lecture Notes in Control and Information Sciences. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp. 35–44.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Water Science.

Blog post

Andrew, E., 2015. Tiny Worms Get Around Using Slug Guts And Poop [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/nematode-worms-hitch-ride-slug-s-gut-and-get-excreted-their-stop/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 2003. Information Technology: Executive office for U.S. Attorneys Needs to Institutionalize Key IT Management Disciplines (No. GAO-03-751). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Johnson, B.D., 2017. Application of systems engineering principles for analysis of utility baseline development process (Doctoral dissertation). California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Hubbard, B., 2017. Two Blasts Kill Dozens Near Shrines in Damascus. New York Times A8.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Owens, 2014).
This sentence cites two references (Lewis and Maslin, 2015; Owens, 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Lewis and Maslin, 2015)
Three or more authors: (Rosi et al., 2006)

About the journal

Full journal title	Water Science
ISSN (print)	1110-4929
Scope