How to format your references using the Water Science citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Water Science. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Kolber, A., 2011. Neuroethics: Give memory-altering drugs a chance. Nature 476, 275–276.

A journal article with 2 authors

Charbonneau, P., Smolarkiewicz, P.K., 2013. Astronomy. Modeling the solar dynamo. Science 340, 42–43.

A journal article with 3 authors

Quinto-Su, P.A., Suzuki, M., Ohl, C.-D., 2014. Fast temperature measurement following single laser-induced cavitation inside a microfluidic gap. Sci. Rep. 4, 5445.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Chipuk, J.E., Bouchier-Hayes, L., Kuwana, T., Newmeyer, D.D., Green, D.R., 2005. PUMA couples the nuclear and cytoplasmic proapoptotic function of p53. Science 309, 1732–1735.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Ansons, A.M., Davis, H., 2008. Diagnosis and Management of Ocular Motility Disorders. Blackwell Science Ltd, Oxford, UK.

An edited book

Zain, J.M., Wan Mohd, W.M. bt, El-Qawasmeh, E. (Eds.), 2011. Software Engineering and Computer Systems: Second International Conference, ICSECS 2011, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia, June 27-29, 2011, Proceedings, Part II, Communications in Computer and Information Science. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

A chapter in an edited book

Tambouret, R.H., Wilbur, D.C., 2015. Cytology of Endocervical Glandular Neoplasia, in: Wilbur, D.C. (Ed.), Glandular Lesions of the Uterine Cervix: Cytopathology with Histologic Correlates, Essentials in Cytopathology. Springer, New York, NY, pp. 41–68.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Water Science.

Blog post

Andrews, R., 2017. American Farmers May Be Directly Feeding Cows Skittles In Odd Conspiracy [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/american-farmers-directly-feeding-cows-skittles-odd-conspiracy/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 2007. Motor Carrier Safety: The Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration Has Developed a Reasonable Framework for Managing and Testing Its Comprehensive Safety Analysis 2010 Initiative (No. GAO-08-242R). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Brandon, G.L., 2017. Mendelssohn’s Public Statement of Faith: “Lobgesang” as Christian Witness (Doctoral dissertation). University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Crawford, S., 2014. Back to the Digital Drawing Board. New York Times A25.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Kolber, 2011).
This sentence cites two references (Charbonneau and Smolarkiewicz, 2013; Kolber, 2011).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Charbonneau and Smolarkiewicz, 2013)
Three or more authors: (Chipuk et al., 2005)

About the journal

Full journal title	Water Science
ISSN (print)	1110-4929
Scope