How to format your references using the Water Quality, Exposure and Health citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Water Quality, Exposure and Health. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Boetius A (2005) Ocean science. Lost City life. Science 307:1420–1422

A journal article with 2 authors

Keusch GT, Medlin CA (2003) Tapping the power of small institutions. Nature 422:561–562

A journal article with 3 authors

Grassly NC, Fraser C, Garnett GP (2005) Host immunity and synchronized epidemics of syphilis across the United States. Nature 433:417–421

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Sui P, Wiesner DL, Xu J, et al (2018) Pulmonary neuroendocrine cells amplify allergic asthma responses. Science 360:

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Port M, Samuels M (2009) The Think Big Manifesto. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Jiang WG (ed) (2012) Electric Cell-Substrate Impedance Sensing and Cancer Metastasis. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht

A chapter in an edited book

Jakushokas R, Popovich M, Mezhiba AV, et al (2011) Decoupling Capacitance. In: Popovich M, Mezhiba AV, Köse S, Friedman EG (eds) Power Distribution Networks with On-Chip Decoupling Capacitors. Springer, New York, NY, pp 89–138

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Water Quality, Exposure and Health.

Blog post

Andrew E (2015) Is It Really OK To Eat Food That’s Fallen On The Floor? In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/it-really-ok-eat-food-s-fallen-floor/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2005) Digital Television Transition: Questions on Administrative Costs of an Equipment Subsidy Program. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Rawashdeh MY (2013) A Relational Framework for Clustering and Cluster Validity and the Generalization of the Silhouette Measure. Doctoral dissertation, University of Cincinnati

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Wagner J (2017) Bruce Finds His Swing by Studying the Stats. New York Times B7

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Boetius 2005).
This sentence cites two references (Keusch and Medlin 2003; Boetius 2005).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Keusch and Medlin 2003)
Three or more authors: (Sui et al. 2018)

About the journal

Full journal title	Water Quality, Exposure and Health
ISSN (print)	1876-1658
ISSN (online)	1876-1666
Scope