How to format your references using the Water Quality, Exposure and Health citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Water Quality, Exposure and Health. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Smetacek V (2002) Balance: mind-grasping gravity. Nature 415:481

A journal article with 2 authors

McFarland EW, Tang J (2003) A photovoltaic device structure based on internal electron emission. Nature 421:616–618

A journal article with 3 authors

Rees M, Koppelman B, Davison N (2010) Scientific steps to nuclear disarmament. Nature 465:290–291

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Uchida K, Takahashi S, Harii K, et al (2008) Observation of the spin Seebeck effect. Nature 455:778–781

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Zepernick H-J, Finger A (2005) Pseudo Random Signal Processing. John Wiley & Sons Ltd,., West Sussex, England

An edited book

Cao J, Mao K, Cambria E, et al (eds) (2015) Proceedings of ELM-2014 Volume 1: Algorithms and Theories. Springer International Publishing, Cham

A chapter in an edited book

Pezzella AM (2016) Intersubjectivity and Community in Edith Stein’s Thought. In: Calcagno A (ed) Edith Stein: Women, Social-Political Philosophy, Theology, Metaphysics and Public History: New Approaches and Applications. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp 49–63

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Water Quality, Exposure and Health.

Blog post

Luntz S (2014) Seals Rely On Earth’s Magnetic Field. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/seals-rely-earths-magnetic-field/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1995) Technology: America’s Schools Not Designed or Equipped for 21st Century. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Rudoy SI (2014) Developing a model for understanding mindfulness as a potential intervention for obsessive-compulsive disorder. Doctoral dissertation, Pepperdine University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kirk S (1942) Pin Hoarders Active. New York Times BOOKS22

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Smetacek 2002).
This sentence cites two references (Smetacek 2002; McFarland and Tang 2003).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (McFarland and Tang 2003)
Three or more authors: (Uchida et al. 2008)

About the journal

Full journal title	Water Quality, Exposure and Health
ISSN (print)	1876-1658
ISSN (online)	1876-1666
Scope