How to format your references using the Vocations and Learning citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Vocations and Learning. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Holden, C. (2000). MIDDLE SCHOOL ACHIEVEMENT: Asia Stays on Top, U.S. in Middle in New Global Rankings. Science (New York, N.Y.), 290(5498), 1866.

A journal article with 2 authors

Ramsey, J. M., & Chester, F. M. (2004). Hybrid fracture and the transition from extension fracture to shear fracture. Nature, 428(6978), 63–66.

A journal article with 3 authors

Kennedy, H. J., Crawford, A. C., & Fettiplace, R. (2005). Force generation by mammalian hair bundles supports a role in cochlear amplification. Nature, 433(7028), 880–883.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Neetu, S., Suresh, I., Shankar, R., Shankar, D., Shenoi, S. S. C., Shetye, S. R., et al. (2005). Comment on “The great Sumatra-Andaman earthquake of 26 December 2004.” Science (New York, N.Y.), 310(5753), 1431; author reply 1431.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Vincoli, J. W. (2014). Basic Guide to System Safety. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Nixon, M. S. (2006). Human Identification Based on Gait. (T. Tan & R. Chellappa, Eds.) (Vol. 4). Boston, MA: Springer US.

A chapter in an edited book

Silva, J. P. V. D., & Vieira, C. C. (2015). The Value of Informal Learning for Illiterate Older Women Across the Lifespan. In J. Ostrouch-Kamińska & C. C. Vieira (Eds.), Private World(s): Gender and Informal Learning of Adults (pp. 59–71). Rotterdam: SensePublishers.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Vocations and Learning.

Blog post

Hale, T. (2016, October 10). This “Invisible Television” Screen Looks Incredible. IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/technology/this-invisible-television-screen-looks-incredible/. Accessed 30 October 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1992). TV Marti: Costs and Compliance With Broadcast Standards and International Agreements (No. NSIAD-92-199). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Ahlert, D. (2015). Application of Graph Theoretic Clustering on Some Biomedical Data Sets (Doctoral dissertation). Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville, IL.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Prochnik, G. (2009, December 13). City of Earthy Delights. New York Times, p. WK10.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Holden 2000).
This sentence cites two references (Holden 2000; Ramsey and Chester 2004).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Ramsey and Chester 2004)
Three or more authors: (Neetu et al. 2005)

About the journal

Full journal title	Vocations and Learning
Abbreviation	Vocat. Learn.
ISSN (print)	1874-785X
ISSN (online)	1874-7868
Scope	Education