How to format your references using the VirusDisease citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for VirusDisease. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Nisini B. ASTRONOMY: Enhanced: Water’s Role in Making Stars. Science. 2000;290:1513–4.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Nimmerjahn F, Ravetch JV. Divergent immunoglobulin g subclass activity through selective Fc receptor binding. Science. 2005;310:1510–2.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Anderson PW, Brinkman WF, Huse DA. Thermodynamics of an incommensurate quantum crystal. Science. 2005;310:1164–6.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Mitchell JI, Zhou N, Nam W, Traverso LM, Xu X. Sub-diffraction laser synthesis of silicon nanowires. Sci Rep. 2014;4:3908.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Yang S, Xu J-X, Li X, Shen D. Iterative Learning Control for Multi-agent Systems Coordination. Singapore: John Wiley & Sons Singapore Pte. Ltd; 2017.

An edited book

1. Dalamagkidis K. On Integrating Unmanned Aircraft Systems into the National Airspace System: Issues, Challenges, Operational Restrictions, Certification, and Recommendations. Second updated edition. Valavanis KP, Piegl LA, editors. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2012.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Beardall J, Raven JA. Carbon Acquisition by Microalgae. In: Borowitzka MA, Beardall J, Raven JA, editors. The Physiology of Microalgae. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016. p. 89–99.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for VirusDisease.

Blog post

1. Andrew E. Demand For Agricultural Goods Drives Shocking Rates Of Illegal Deforestation [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2014 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/environment/demand-agricultural-goods-driving-shocking-rates-illegal-deforestation/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Changes Needed in the Tax Laws Governing the Exclusion for Scholarships and Fellowships and the Deduction of Job-Related Educational Expenses. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1978 Oct. Report No.: GGD-78-72.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Chima-Okereke O. The distinct VPS35 mutant, env1, exhibits unique protein mislocalization and processing phenotype [Doctoral dissertation]. [Long Beach, CA]: California State University, Long Beach; 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Rothenberg B. Williams Sisters Could Be in Step for a Semifinal Showdown. New York Times. 2016 Aug 26;D3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	VirusDisease
Abbreviation	Virusdisease
ISSN (print)	2347-3584
ISSN (online)	2347-3517
Scope	Virology Infectious Diseases