How to format your references using the VirusDisease citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for VirusDisease. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Blow N. Transcriptomics: The digital generation. Nature. 2009;458:239–42.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Turner BL, Haygarth PM. Biogeochemistry. Phosphorus solubilization in rewetted soils. Nature. 2001;411:258.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Joughin I, Smith BE, Medley B. Marine ice sheet collapse potentially under way for the Thwaites Glacier Basin, West Antarctica. Science. 2014;344:735–8.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Barken D, Wang CJ, Kearns J, Cheong R, Hoffmann A, Levchenko A. Comment on “Oscillations in NF-kappaB signaling control the dynamics of gene expression.” Science. 2005;308:52; author reply 52.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Svensson H. Cable-Stayed Bridges. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA; 2012.

An edited book

1. Vinh PC, Barolli L, editors. Nature of Computation and Communication: Second International Conference, ICTCC 2016, Rach Gia, Vietnam, March 17-18, 2016, Revised Selected Papers. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Armstrong PA, Bandyk DF. Duplex Scanning for Lower Extremity Arterial Disease. In: AbuRahma AF, Bergan JJ, editors. Noninvasive Peripheral Arterial Diagnosis. London: Springer; 2010. p. 47–55.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for VirusDisease.

Blog post

1. O`Callaghan J. Say Hello To Earth 2.0! Historic Kepler Discovery Suggests We Are Not Alone [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/space/say-hello-earth-20-historic-kepler-discovery-suggests-we-are-not-alone/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. FACE Recognition Technology: FBI Should Better Ensure Privacy and Accuracy [Reissued on August 3, 2016]. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2016 May. Report No.: GAO-16-267.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Clément V. From Adaptation to Transformation: A Resilience Perspective on Organizational Responses to Ecological Adversity [Doctoral dissertation]. [Washington, DC]: George Washington University; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Greenhouse L. Chasing Abortion Rights Across the State Line. New York Times. 2016 Nov 24;SR5.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	VirusDisease
Abbreviation	Virusdisease
ISSN (print)	2347-3584
ISSN (online)	2347-3517
Scope	Virology Infectious Diseases