How to format your references using the Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Tawfik, D.S., 2006. Biochemistry. Loop grafting and the origins of enzyme species. Science 311, 475–476.

A journal article with 2 authors

Badcock, C., Crespi, B., 2008. Battle of the sexes may set the brain. Nature 454, 1054–1055.

A journal article with 3 authors

Wang, C., Shim, M., Guyot-Sionnest, P., 2001. Electrochromic nanocrystal quantum dots. Science 291, 2390–2392.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Lee, P.N., Callaerts, P., De Couet, H.G., Martindale, M.Q., 2003. Cephalopod Hox genes and the origin of morphological novelties. Nature 424, 1061–1065.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Rogstad, D.H., Mileant, A., Pham, T.T., 2005. Antenna Arraying Techniques in the Deep Space Network. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

Sethi, S.P., Bogataj, M., Ros-McDonnell, L. (Eds.), 2012. Industrial Engineering: Innovative Networks: 5th International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Industrial Management “CIO 2011”, Cartagena, Spain, September 2011, Proceedings. Springer, London.

A chapter in an edited book

Zhou, Y., Qin, Y., 2012. Income Inequality of China’s Total Resident and the Factors Which Impact It, in: Qin, Y. (Ed.), Empirical Analysis on Income Inequality of Chinese Residents, Gu Shutang Academic Fund of Economics. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 125–149.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology.

Blog post

Fang, J., 2014. New Solar Efficiency World Record Set [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1979. Federal Program To Strengthen Developing Institutions of Higher Education Lacks Direction (No. 108907). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Beck, J., 2010. Community based human trafficking awareness program: A grant proposal project (Doctoral dissertation). California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Leland, J., 2016. Challenger Shows Himself Equal to World’s No. 1. New York Times SP9.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Tawfik, 2006).
This sentence cites two references (Badcock and Crespi, 2008; Tawfik, 2006).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Badcock and Crespi, 2008)
Three or more authors: (Lee et al., 2003)

About the journal

Full journal title	Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology
Abbreviation	Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol.
ISSN (print)	0165-2427
Scope	Immunology General Veterinary