How to format your references using the Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Zwier, T.S., 2009. Chemistry. Squeezing the water out of HCl(aq). Science 324, 1522–1523.

A journal article with 2 authors

Li, L., Clevers, H., 2010. Coexistence of quiescent and active adult stem cells in mammals. Science 327, 542–545.

A journal article with 3 authors

Frank, F., Sonenberg, N., Nagar, B., 2010. Structural basis for 5’-nucleotide base-specific recognition of guide RNA by human AGO2. Nature 465, 818–822.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Lum, P.Y., Singh, G., Lehman, A., Ishkanov, T., Vejdemo-Johansson, M., Alagappan, M., Carlsson, J., Carlsson, G., 2013. Extracting insights from the shape of complex data using topology. Sci. Rep. 3, 1236.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Beg, D., Kuhlmann, U., Davaine, L., Braun, B., 2012. Design of Plated Structures. Ernst & Sohn Verlag für Architektur und technische Wissenschaften GmbH & Co. KG, Berlin, Germany.

An edited book

Sawyer, S.W., Stewart, I. (Eds.), 2016. In Search of the Liberal Moment: Democracy, Anti-totalitarianism, and Intellectual Politics in France since 1950. Palgrave Macmillan US, New York, NY.

A chapter in an edited book

Bornemann, T., Holtkamp, W., Wintermeyer, W., 2014. Nascent Peptide-Induced Signaling from the Exit Tunnel to the Outside of the Ribosome, in: Ito, K. (Ed.), Regulatory Nascent Polypeptides. Springer Japan, Tokyo, pp. 87–97.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology.

Blog post

Luntz, S., 2015. Pluto and Charon Show Their True Colors [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1995. Amtrak: Deteriorated Financial and Operating Conditions (No. T-RCED-95-90). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Calderwood, A., 2014. Improving the singer’s understanding of bebop language: Transcription application (Doctoral dissertation). California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Eligon, J., Smith, M., 2017. Police Shooting Rattles Somalis in Minneapolis. New York Times A19.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Zwier, 2009).
This sentence cites two references (Li and Clevers, 2010; Zwier, 2009).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Li and Clevers, 2010)
Three or more authors: (Lum et al., 2013)

About the journal

Full journal title	Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology
Abbreviation	Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol.
ISSN (print)	0165-2427
Scope	Immunology General Veterinary