How to format your references using the Vegetation Classification and Survey citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Vegetation Classification and Survey. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Kaelin WG Jr (2012) Molecular biology. Use and abuse of RNAi to study mammalian gene function. Science (New York, N.Y.) 337: 421–422.

A journal article with 2 authors

Truffer M, Fahnestock M (2007) Climate change. Rethinking ice sheet time scales. Science (New York, N.Y.) 315: 1508–1510.

A journal article with 3 authors

Wang Y, Ran S, Yang G (2014) Single molecular investigation of DNA looping and aggregation by restriction endonuclease BspMI. Scientific reports 4: 5897.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Hostetler SW, Bartlein PJ, Clark PU, Small EE, Solomon AM (2000) Stimulated influences of Lake Agassiz on the climate of central North America 11,000 years ago. Nature 405: 334–337.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Dauphiné A (2012) Fractal Geography. John Wiley & Sons, Inc, Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

Junk WJ, Piedade MTF, Wittmann F, Schöngart J, Parolin P (Eds) (2011) 210 Amazonian Floodplain Forests: Ecophysiology, Biodiversity and Sustainable Management. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, XVIII, 618 p pp.

A chapter in an edited book

Lane ND, Lu H, Eisenman SB, Campbell AT (2008) Cooperative Techniques Supporting Sensor-Based People-Centric Inferencing. In: Indulska J, Patterson DJ, Rodden T, Ott M (Eds), Pervasive Computing: 6th International Conference, Pervasive 2008 Sydney, Australia, May 19-22, 2008 Proceedings. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 75–92.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Vegetation Classification and Survey.

Blog post

Carpineti A (2016) This Lab-Grown Meat Might Bring Production Directly To Your Home. IFLScience. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/editors-blog/this-labgrown-meat-might-bring-production-directly-to-your-home/ (October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1992) Drug Education: Rural Programs Have Many Components and Most Rely Heavily on Federal Funds. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Tapal SS (2012) Is the fourth generation of Six Sigma an effective professional development model in K-12 education? Doctoral dissertation. University of Phoenix

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Apuzzo M, Goldman A, Mazzetti M (2017) F.B.I. Warned G.O.P. Congressman Russian Spies Were Recruiting Him. New York Times: A15.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Kaelin 2012).
This sentence cites two references (Truffer and Fahnestock 2007, Kaelin 2012).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Truffer and Fahnestock 2007)
Three or more authors: (Hostetler et al. 2000)

About the journal

Full journal title	Vegetation Classification and Survey
ISSN (online)	2683-0671
Scope