How to format your references using the Urology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Urology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Chapman T. Breathing life into chemistry. Nature. 2004;430(7002):948-949.

A journal article with 2 authors

Palleroni A, Hauser M. Experience-dependent plasticity for auditory processing in a raptor. Science. 2003;299(5610):1195.

A journal article with 3 authors

Duijn PAC, Kashirin V, Sloot PMA. The relative ineffectiveness of criminal network disruption. Sci Rep. 2014;4:4238.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Wang F, Zhang Y, Tian C, et al. Gate-variable optical transitions in graphene. Science. 2008;320(5873):206-209.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Davis RA. Demand-Driven Inventory Optimization and Replenishment. John Wiley & Sons, Inc; 2015.

An edited book

Sako K, Sarkar P, eds. Advances in Cryptology - ASIACRYPT 2013: 19th International Conference on the Theory and Application of Cryptology and Information Security, Bengaluru, India, December 1-5, 2013, Proceedings, Part I. Vol 8269. Springer; 2013.

A chapter in an edited book

O’Connor TF, Savagatrup S, Lipomi DJ. Soft Power: Stretchable and Ultra-Flexible Energy Sources for Wearable and Implantable Devices. In: Rogers JA, Ghaffari R, Kim DH, eds. Stretchable Bioelectronics for Medical Devices and Systems. Microsystems and Nanosystems. Springer International Publishing; 2016:69-82.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Urology.

Blog post

Hamilton K. Eyes In The sky: Cutting NASA Earth Observations Would Be A Costly Mistake. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. NASA Chief Information Officer: Opportunities to Strengthen Information Resources Management. U.S. Government Printing Office; 1996.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Terrell ND. Exact Solutions to Combinatorial Optimizations and the Traveling Baseball Fan Problem. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach; 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Wagner J. Syndergaard, Last Man Standing, Is Natural Choice for Survival Game. New York Times. October 5, 2016:B9.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Urology
Abbreviation	Urology
ISSN (print)	0090-4295
Scope	Urology