How to format your references using the Urology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Urology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Hoyt MA. Cell biology. Extinguishing a cell cycle checkpoint. Science. 2006;313(5787):624-625.

A journal article with 2 authors

Burtsev M, Turchin P. Evolution of cooperative strategies from first principles. Nature. 2006;440(7087):1041-1044.

A journal article with 3 authors

Scholz M, Lo CC, Chain PSG. Improved assemblies using a source-agnostic pipeline for MetaGenomic Assembly by Merging (MeGAMerge) of contigs. Sci Rep. 2014;4:6480.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Gore A, Li Z, Fung HL, et al. Somatic coding mutations in human induced pluripotent stem cells. Nature. 2011;471(7336):63-67.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Lu M. Arithmetic and Logic in Computer Systems. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2005.

An edited book

Rhee KH, Yi JH, eds. Information Security Applications: 15th International Workshop, WISA 2014, Jeju Island, Korea, August 25-27, 2014. Revised Selected Papers. Vol 8909. Springer International Publishing; 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

Mokhtari M, Martaj N. Chapitre 4 Modélisation physique par le langage Simscape. In: Martaj N, ed. Electronique Appliquée, Electromécanique Sous Simscape & SimPowerSystems (Matlab/Simulink). Springer; 2012:295-325.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Urology.

Blog post

Andrew E. How A New Test Is Revolutionising What We Know About Viruses In Our Midst. IFLScience. August 19, 2015. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/how-new-test-revolutionising-what-we-know-about-viruses-our-midst/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Surface Transportation: Improvements in the Bureau of Transportation Statistics’ Commodity Flow Survey. U.S. Government Printing Office; 1998.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Boylan M. Acute Physiological Resonses to Yoga Activity in a Hot Environment. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach; 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kenigsberg B. Film Series. New York Times. June 8, 2017:C23.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Urology
Abbreviation	Urology
ISSN (print)	0090-4295
Scope	Urology