How to format your references using the Universe citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Universe. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Yamanaka, S. Elite and Stochastic Models for Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Generation. Nature 2009, 460, 49–52.

A journal article with 2 authors

Wang, J.; Genack, A.Z. Transport through Modes in Random Media. Nature 2011, 471, 345–348.

A journal article with 3 authors

Schorlemmer, D.; Wiemer, S.; Wyss, M. Variations in Earthquake-Size Distribution across Different Stress Regimes. Nature 2005, 437, 539–542.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Kabat, P.; van Vierssen, W.; Veraart, J.; Vellinga, P.; Aerts, J. Climate Proofing the Netherlands. Nature 2005, 438, 283–284.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Ghavami, M.; Michael, L.B.; Kohno, R. Ultra Wideband Signals and Systems in Communication Engineering; John Wiley & Sons, Ltd: Chichester, UK, 2006; ISBN 9780470867532.

An edited book

Introduction to Modern Sleep Technology; Chiang, R.P.-Y., Kang, S.-C. (jessy), Eds.; Intelligent Systems, Control and Automation: Science and Engineering; Springer Netherlands: Dordrecht, 2012; Vol. 64; ISBN 9789400754690.

A chapter in an edited book

Meadows, L. OpenMP 3.0 – A Preview of the Upcoming Standard. In High Performance Computing and Communications: Third International Conference, HPCC 2007, Houston, USA, September 26-28, 2007. Proceedings; Perrott, R., Chapman, B.M., Subhlok, J., Mello, R.F. de, Yang, L.T., Eds.; Lecture Notes in Computer Science; Springer: Berlin, Heidelberg, 2007; pp. 4–4 ISBN 9783540754435.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Universe.

Blog post

Andrew, E. Greedy Galaxy Is Getting Bigger (accessed on 30 October 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office Inconsistencies in Awarding Financial Aid to Students Under Four Federal Programs; U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, DC, 1979;

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Ghadimian, V. Renewable Energy Marketplace. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach: Long Beach, CA, 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kenigsberg, B. They Call Us Monsters. New York Times 2017, C11.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Universe
Abbreviation	Universe
ISSN (online)	2218-1997
Scope