How to format your references using the Tumor Biology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Tumor Biology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Angerer P. Graduate journal: PhD limitations. Nature. 2004;431:1128.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Maraia RJ, Rijal K. Structural biology: A transcriptional specialist resolved. Nature. 2015;528:204–5.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Georgellis D, Kwon O, Lin EC. Quinones as the redox signal for the arc two-component system of bacteria. Science. 2001;292:2314–6.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Hampton J, Sibert JR, Kleiber P, Maunder MN, Harley SJ. Fisheries: decline of Pacific tuna populations exaggerated? Nature. 2005;434:E1-2; discussion E2.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Lißner K, Rug W. Der Eurocode 5 für Deutschland Eurocode 5: Bemessung und Konstruktion von Holzbauten. Berlin, Germany: Wilhelm Ernst & Sohn Verlag für Architektur und technische Wissenschaften GmbH & Co. KG; 2016.

An edited book

1. Hoffmann F, Köppen M, Klawonn F, Roy R, editors. Soft Computing: Methodologies and Applications. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2005.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Malpass J. Understanding the Risks of Forecasting. In: Owusu G, O’Brien P, McCall J, Doherty NF, editors. Transforming Field and Service Operations: Methodologies for Successful Technology-Driven Business Transformation. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2013. p. 71–83.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Tumor Biology.

Blog post

1. Fang J. How Whales Avoid Being Flayed Alive by Gulls. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2014.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Marine Transportation: Federal Financing and an Infrastructure Investment Framework. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2002 Sep. Report No.: GAO-02-1090T.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Akers K. The Impact of Work-Family Conflict, Gender, and Family-Friendly Policies on Organizational Attractiveness and Job Pursuit Intentions [Doctoral dissertation]. [Edwardsville, IL]: Southern Illinois University; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Crow K. Fire Chief Questions Closing of Streets. New York Times. 2002 Jun 30;145.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Tumor Biology
Abbreviation	Tumour Biol.
ISSN (print)	1010-4283
ISSN (online)	1423-0380
Scope	General Medicine