How to format your references using the Trends in Organized Crime citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Trends in Organized Crime. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Ackland G (2010) Materials science. Controlling radiation damage. Science 327:1587–1588

A journal article with 2 authors

Yusufzai T, Kadonaga JT (2008) HARP is an ATP-driven annealing helicase. Science 322:748–750

A journal article with 3 authors

Stunnenberg HG, Vermeulen M, Atlasi Y (2015) Developmental biology. A Me6Age for pluripotency. Science 347:614–615

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Liu W-J, Tian K, Jiang H, Yu H-Q (2013) Facile synthesis of highly efficient and recyclable magnetic solid acid from biomass waste. Sci Rep 3:2419

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Doyle JF (2005) Modern Experimental Stress Analysis. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK

An edited book

Kerikmäe T, Rull A (eds) (2016) The Future of Law and eTechnologies, 1st ed. 2016. Springer International Publishing, Cham

A chapter in an edited book

Siskin G, Golzarian J (2006) Visceral and Abdominal Solid Organ Trauma. In: Golzarian J, Sun S, Sharafuddin MJ (eds) Vascular Embolotherapy: A Comprehensive Approach Volume 2 Oncology, Trauma, Gene Therapy, Vascular Malformations, and Neck. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 43–57

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Trends in Organized Crime.

Blog post

Hamilton K (2016) American Medical Association Warns Of Health And Safety Problems From “White” LED Streetlights. In: IFLScience. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2001) Hourly Fees Paid by Various Federal Agencies to Private Attorneys for Legal Services. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Alvarez C (2015) Support groups for children of depressed parents: A grant proposal. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Rockwell J (2017) Berlin Stories. New York Times BR49

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Ackland 2010).
This sentence cites two references (Yusufzai and Kadonaga 2008; Ackland 2010).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Yusufzai and Kadonaga 2008)
Three or more authors: (Liu et al. 2013)

About the journal

Full journal title	Trends in Organized Crime
Abbreviation	Trends Organ. Crime
ISSN (print)	1084-4791
ISSN (online)	1936-4830
Scope	Law