How to format your references using the Translational Respiratory Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Translational Respiratory Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Erwin DH. Macroevolution. Seeds of diversity. Science. 2005;308:1752–3.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Yeeles JTP, Marians KJ. The Escherichia coli replisome is inherently DNA damage tolerant. Science. 2011;334:235–8.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Harvey JA, Corley LS, Strand MR. Competition induces adaptive shifts in caste ratios of a polyembryonic wasp. Nature. 2000;406:183–6.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Aryan A, Anderson MAE, Myles KM, Adelman ZN. Germline excision of transgenes in Aedes aegypti by homing endonucleases. Sci Rep. 2013;3:1603.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Le Bodic G. Mobile Messaging Technologies and Services. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2005.

An edited book

1. Kalinin AP. The Parathyroid Glands: Imaging and Surgery. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2013.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Pietinen S, Tenhunen V, Tukiainen M. Productivity of Pair Programming in a Distributed Environment – Results from Two Controlled Case Studies. In: O’Connor RV, Baddoo N, Smolander K, Messnarz R, editors. Software Process Improvement: 15th European Conference, EuroSPI 2008, Dublin, Ireland, September 3-5, 2008. Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2008. p. 47–58.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Translational Respiratory Medicine.

Blog post

1. Luntz S. Bird Droppings Help Keep The Arctic Cool. IFLScience. 2016. https://www.iflscience.com/environment/bird-droppings-help-keep-the-arctic-cool/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. California High-Speed Passenger Rail: Project Estimates Could Be Improved to Better Inform Future Decisions. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2013.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Dillard C. Multi-Tiered System of Supports (MTSS) and Implementation Science. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Kelly S. Op-Art. New York Times. 2003;:A15.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Translational Respiratory Medicine
ISSN (print)	2213-0802
Scope