How to format your references using the Translational Respiratory Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Translational Respiratory Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Jewkes R. HIV/AIDS. Gender inequities must be addressed in HIV prevention. Science. 2010;329:145–7.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Hightower M, Pierce SA. The energy challenge. Nature. 2008;452:285–6.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Spandler C, O’Neill HSC, Kamenetsky VS. Survival times of anomalous melt inclusions from element diffusion in olivine and chromite. Nature. 2007;447:303–6.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Nackley AG, Shabalina SA, Tchivileva IE, Satterfield K, Korchynskyi O, Makarov SS, et al. Human catechol-O-methyltransferase haplotypes modulate protein expression by altering mRNA secondary structure. Science. 2006;314:1930–3.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Kazemi GA, Lehr JH, Perrochet P. Groundwater Age. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2006.

An edited book

1. Jones T. Foundation Flash Cartoon Animation. Berkeley, CA: Apress; 2007.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Kreimeyer M, Lindemann U. Complexity Metrics for Design Processes. In: Lindemann U, editor. Complexity Metrics in Engineering Design: Managing the Structure of Design Processes. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2011. p. 133–72.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Translational Respiratory Medicine.

Blog post

1. Andrew E. New Lock-And-Key Technology Promises Rapid Cancer Testing for Developing World. IFLScience. 2015. Accessed 30 Oct 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Federal Student Loan Repayment Program: OPM Could Build on Its Efforts to Help Agencies Administer the Program and Measure Results. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2005.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Portwood B. Inclusive Special and General Education Secondary Teachers’ Attitudes towards the Inclusion of Students with Disabilities in the General Education Setting. Doctoral dissertation. Lindenwood University; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Feeney K. Strictly (Upscale) Takeout. New York Times. 2008;:NJ15.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Translational Respiratory Medicine
ISSN (print)	2213-0802
Scope