How to format your references using the Translational Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Translational Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Zrenner E. Will retinal implants restore vision? Science. 2002;295(5557):1022-1025.

A journal article with 2 authors

Poinar GO Jr, Danforth BN. A fossil bee from Early Cretaceous Burmese amber. Science. 2006;314(5799):614.

A journal article with 3 authors

Schieber J, Krinsley D, Riciputi L. Diagenetic origin of quartz silt in mudstones and implications for silica cycling. Nature. 2000;406(6799):981-985.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Gong D, Ma W, Kendrick KM, Hu Q, Yao D. How cognitive plasticity resolves the brain’s information processing dilemma. Sci Rep. 2013;3:2860.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Ketring KL, Glaze MB. Atlas of Feline Ophthalmology. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.; 2012.

An edited book

Altenbach H, Forest S, Krivtsov A, eds. Generalized Continua as Models for Materials: With Multi-Scale Effects or Under Multi-Field Actions. Vol 22. Springer; 2013.

A chapter in an edited book

Mahanta C, Choudhury R, Basu S, et al. Preliminary Assessment of Arsenic Distribution in Brahmaputra River Basin of India Based on Examination of 56,180 Public Groundwater Wells. In: Ramanathan AL, Johnston S, Mukherjee A, Nath B, eds. Safe and Sustainable Use of Arsenic-Contaminated Aquifers in the Gangetic Plain: A Multidisciplinary Approach. Springer International Publishing; 2015:57-64.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Translational Research.

Blog post

O`Callaghan J. Our Galaxy Might Have Thousands Of Highly Magnetized Stars At Its Center. IFLScience. February 6, 2017. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/space/our-galaxy-might-have-thousands-of-highly-magnetized-stars-at-its-center/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. DHS IT Contracting: Steps Taken to Enhance EAGLE II Small Business Opportunities, but Better Assessment Data Needed. U.S. Government Printing Office; 2015.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Shen FY. A Pedagogical and Analytic Comparison of Auguste Franchomme’s Twelve Caprices, Op. 7 and Alfredo Piatti’s Twelve Caprices, Op. 25. Doctoral dissertation. University of Cincinnati; 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Feeney K. On Tap: Beer and Conversation. New York Times. September 20, 2009:NJ12.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Translational Research
Abbreviation	Transl. Res.
ISSN (print)	1931-5244
ISSN (online)	1878-1810
Scope	General Medicine Biochemistry, medical Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health