How to format your references using the Translational Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Translational Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Morange M. François Jacob (1920-2013). Nature. 2013;497(7450):440.

A journal article with 2 authors

Czyzewski BK, Wang DN. Identification and characterization of a bacterial hydrosulphide ion channel. Nature. 2012;483(7390):494-497.

A journal article with 3 authors

Loeffler JM, Nelson D, Fischetti VA. Rapid killing of Streptococcus pneumoniae with a bacteriophage cell wall hydrolase. Science. 2001;294(5549):2170-2172.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Morrish TA, Garcia-Perez JL, Stamato TD, Taccioli GE, Sekiguchi J, Moran JV. Endonuclease-independent LINE-1 retrotransposition at mammalian telomeres. Nature. 2007;446(7132):208-212.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Mascia L. Polymers in Industry from A-Z. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA; 2011.

An edited book

Lämmel R, Saraiva J, Visser J, eds. Generative and Transformational Techniques in Software Engineering IV: International Summer School, GTTSE 2011, Braga, Portugal, July 3-9, 2011. Revised Papers. Vol 7680. Springer; 2013.

A chapter in an edited book

Nicola F, Rodino L. G-Pseudo-Differential Operators. In: Rodino L, ed. Global Pseudo-Differential Calculus on Euclidean Spaces. Birkhäuser; 2010:129-151.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Translational Research.

Blog post

Andrew E. Turning The Tables: Using Genetic Mutations To Fix Nature’s Problems. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Aviation Security: TSA Has Taken Steps to Improve Oversight of Key Programs, but Additional Actions Are Needed. U.S. Government Printing Office; 2015.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Green JT. The Relationship between Technology Support and Extent of Technology Integration into College-Level Foreign Language Curricula. Doctoral dissertation. University of South Florida; 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Pilon M. U.S.O.C. Narrows Bids to Four Cities. New York Times. June 14, 2014:D5.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Translational Research
Abbreviation	Transl. Res.
ISSN (print)	1931-5244
ISSN (online)	1878-1810
Scope	General Medicine Biochemistry, medical Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health