How to format your references using the Theranostics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Theranostics (THNO). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Brenner S. Turing centenary: Life’s code script. Nature. 2012; 482: 461.

A journal article with 2 authors

Majumder MA, Cohen CB. Research ethics. The NIH draft guidelines on human stem cell research. Science. 2009; 324: 1648–9.

A journal article with 3 authors

Whitaker RJ, Grogan DW, Taylor JW. Geographic barriers isolate endemic populations of hyperthermophilic archaea. Science. 2003; 301: 976–8.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Busza A, Emery-Le M, Rosbash M, Emery P. Roles of the two Drosophila CRYPTOCHROME structural domains in circadian photoreception. Science. 2004; 304: 1503–6.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Wallgren A, Wallgren B. Register-Based Statistics. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2014.

An edited book

Tiropanis T, Vakali A, Sartori L, Burnap P, Eds. Internet Science: Second International Conference, INSCI 2015, Brussels, Belgium, May 27-29, 2015, Proceedings. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015. (Lecture Notes in Computer Science; vol. 9089).

A chapter in an edited book

Alam S, Dobbie G, Riddle P. Exploiting Swarm Behaviour of Simple Agents for Clustering Web Users’ Session Data. In: Cao L, Ed. Data Mining and Multi-agent Integration. Boston, MA: Springer US; 2009: 61–75.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Theranostics.

Blog post

Hale T. What Would Happen If Earth Stopped Spinning? [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2016 [cited 30 October 2018]. Available at: https://www.iflscience.com/environment/what-would-happen-if-earth-stopped-spinning/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Highway Public-Private Partnerships: More Rigorous Up-Front Analysis Could Better Secure Potential Benefits and Protect the Public Interest. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2008 Sep. Report No.: GAO-08-1149R.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Li K. An explicative model of leisure-time physical activities among church-going African Americans in Indianapolis [Doctoral dissertation]. [Bloomington, IN]: Indiana University; 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Packer G. Heart of the Matter. New York Times. 2009; BR12.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Theranostics
ISSN (online)	1838-7640
Scope