How to format your references using the Theory and Decision citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Theory and Decision. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Marshall, C. (2005). Comment on “Abrupt and gradual extinction among Late Permian land vertebrates in the Karoo basin, South Africa.” Science (New York, N.Y.), 308(5727), 1413; author reply 1413.

A journal article with 2 authors

Ruskov, R., & Tahan, C. (2014). Quantum Processing. Catching the quantum sound wave. Science (New York, N.Y.), 346(6206), 165–166.

A journal article with 3 authors

Ferguson, N. M., Donnelly, C. A., & Anderson, R. M. (2001). The foot-and-mouth epidemic in Great Britain: pattern of spread and impact of interventions. Science (New York, N.Y.), 292(5519), 1155–1160.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Li, H., Linke, W. A., Oberhauser, A. F., Carrion-Vazquez, M., Kerkvliet, J. G., Lu, H., et al. (2002). Reverse engineering of the giant muscle protein titin. Nature, 418(6901), 998–1002.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Girling, P. (2013). Operational Risk Management. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Hannula, M. S. (2016). Attitudes, Beliefs, Motivation and Identity in Mathematics Education: An Overview of the Field and Future Directions. (P. Di Martino, M. Pantziara, Q. Zhang, F. Morselli, E. Heyd-Metzuyanim, S. Lutovac, et al., Eds.). Cham: Springer International Publishing.

A chapter in an edited book

Friis, C., Karlsson, C., & Paulsson, T. (2006). Relating Entrepreneurship to Economic Growth. In B. Johansson, C. Karlsson, & R. Stough (Eds.), The Emerging Digital Economy: Entrepreneurship, Clusters, and Policy (pp. 83–111). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Theory and Decision.

Blog post

Davis, J. (2016, August 18). Alaskan Town Set To Become First Community In The US To Relocate Due To Climate Change. IFLScience. IFLScience. Accessed 30 October 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1971). Federal Funds Misused by the School System in Trimble County, Kentucky (No. B-164031(1)). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Savage, F. (2014). Effect of Dry-Wet Cycles on Fracture Propagation in Shale and Gas Production Mechanism (Doctoral dissertation). University of Louisiana, Lafayette, LA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Wagner, J. (2016, September 25). Mets Bombard Phillies Before Starting Trip to End Season, or Extend It. New York Times, p. D2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Marshall 2005).
This sentence cites two references (Marshall 2005; Ruskov and Tahan 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Ruskov and Tahan 2014)
Three or more authors: (Li et al. 2002)

About the journal

Full journal title	Theory and Decision
Abbreviation	Theory Decis.
ISSN (print)	0040-5833
ISSN (online)	1573-7187
Scope	Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) Computer Science Applications General Decision Sciences General Economics, Econometrics and Finance Applied Psychology Developmental and Educational Psychology General Social Sciences