How to format your references using the Theoretical Population Biology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Theoretical Population Biology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Held, I., 2014. Climate change. Simplicity amid complexity. Science 343, 1206–1207.

A journal article with 2 authors

Crisp, R.J., Meleady, R., 2012. Adapting to a multicultural future. Science 336, 853–855.

A journal article with 3 authors

Zimmerman, A., Bai, L., Ginty, D.D., 2014. The gentle touch receptors of mammalian skin. Science 346, 950–954.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Tsao, D.Y., Freiwald, W.A., Tootell, R.B.H., Livingstone, M.S., 2006. A cortical region consisting entirely of face-selective cells. Science 311, 670–674.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Andersson, C., Freeman, D., James, I., Johnston, A., Ljung, S., 2006. Mobile Media and Applications - From Concept to Cash. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK.

An edited book

Yamada, S., 2016. OSS Reliability Measurement and Assessment, 1st ed. 2016. ed, Springer Series in Reliability Engineering. Springer International Publishing, Cham.

A chapter in an edited book

Scatena, R., Bottoni, P., Giardina, B., 2009. Cellular Respiration and Dedifferentiation, in: Sarangarajan, R., Apte, S. (Eds.), Cellular Respiration and Carcinogenesis. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ, pp. 45–54.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Theoretical Population Biology.

Blog post

Andrew, E., 2015. Why Do We Sleep? [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1986. DOD Schools: Funding and Operating Alternatives for Education of Dependents (No. HRD-87-16). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Eastwood, J.L., 2010. The effects of an interdisciplinary undergraduate human biology program on socioscientific reasoning, content learning, and understanding of inquiry (Doctoral dissertation). Indiana University, Bloomington, IN.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kelly, C., 2007. The $250,000 Question. New York Times F1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Held, 2014).
This sentence cites two references (Crisp and Meleady, 2012; Held, 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Crisp and Meleady, 2012)
Three or more authors: (Tsao et al., 2006)

About the journal

Full journal title	Theoretical Population Biology
Abbreviation	Theor. Popul. Biol.
ISSN (print)	0040-5809
Scope	Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics