How to format your references using the Theoretical Population Biology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Theoretical Population Biology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Lloyd, S., 2008. Enhanced sensitivity of photodetection via quantum illumination. Science 321, 1463–1465.

A journal article with 2 authors

Gittis, A.H., Brasier, D.J., 2015. NEUROSCIENCE. Astrocytes tell neurons when to listen up. Science 349, 690–691.

A journal article with 3 authors

Watanabe, H., Nebel, C.E., Shikata, S., 2009. Isotopic homojunction band engineering from diamond. Science 324, 1425–1428.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Kasowski, M., Grubert, F., Heffelfinger, C., Hariharan, M., Asabere, A., Waszak, S.M., Habegger, L., Rozowsky, J., Shi, M., Urban, A.E., Hong, M.-Y., Karczewski, K.J., Huber, W., Weissman, S.M., Gerstein, M.B., Korbel, J.O., Snyder, M., 2010. Variation in transcription factor binding among humans. Science 328, 232–235.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Vanbésien, O., 2012. Artificial Materials. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

Lichtfouse, E., Schwarzbauer, J., Robert, D. (Eds.), 2015. Pollutants in Buildings, Water and Living Organisms, Environmental Chemistry for a Sustainable World. Springer International Publishing, Cham.

A chapter in an edited book

Ni, W., Huang, Y., Li, D., Wang, Y., 2008. Boosting over Groups and Its Application to Acronym-Expansion Extraction, in: Tang, C., Ling, C.X., Zhou, X., Cercone, N.J., Li, X. (Eds.), Advanced Data Mining and Applications: 4th International Conference, ADMA 2008, Chengdu, China, October 8-10, 2008. Proceedings, Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 27–38.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Theoretical Population Biology.

Blog post

Hamilton, K., 2017. Falling In Love In Virtual Reality Could Be A Deeper Experience Than Real Life [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 2005. Transportation Services: Better Dissemination and Oversight of DOT’s Guidance Could Lead to Improved Access for Limited English-Proficient Populations (Korean Version) (No. GAO-06-188). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Kott, T.M., 2012. Measurements of correlated two-dimensional electrons in the lowest Landau level on silicon(111) (Doctoral dissertation). University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Bennhold, K., 2017. For First Time Since 1800s, Britain Goes a Day Without Burning Coal for Electricity. New York Times A6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Lloyd, 2008).
This sentence cites two references (Gittis and Brasier, 2015; Lloyd, 2008).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Gittis and Brasier, 2015)
Three or more authors: (Kasowski et al., 2010)

About the journal

Full journal title	Theoretical Population Biology
Abbreviation	Theor. Popul. Biol.
ISSN (print)	0040-5809
Scope	Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics