How to format your references using the The VLDB Journal citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for The VLDB Journal. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Vyazovskiy, V.V.: Neuroscience. Mapping the birth of the sleep connectome. Science. 350, 909–910 (2015)

A journal article with 2 authors

Tyc, T., Zhang, X.: Forum Optics: Perfect lenses in focus. Nature. 480, 42–43 (2011)

A journal article with 3 authors

Forde, S.E., Thompson, J.N., Bohannan, B.J.M.: Adaptation varies through space and time in a coevolving host-parasitoid interaction. Nature. 431, 841–844 (2004)

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Paul, A., Elias, C.B., Shum-Tim, D., Prakash, S.: Bioactive baculovirus nanohybrids for stent based rapid vascular re-endothelialization. Sci. Rep. 3, 2366 (2013)

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Strachman, D., Bookbinder, R.: Fund of Funds Investing. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ (2009)

An edited book

Bengio, S., Bourlard, H. eds: Machine Learning for Multimodal Interaction: First International Workshop, MLMI 2004, Martigny, Switzerland, June 21-23, 2004, Revised Selected Papers. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg (2005)

A chapter in an edited book

Piper, A.J., Hollier, C.A.: Nocturnal Noninvasive Ventilation in Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome. In: Basner, R.C. and Parthasarathy, S. (eds.) Nocturnal Non-Invasive Ventilation: Theory, Evidence, and Clinical Practice. pp. 83–111. Springer US, Boston, MA (2015)

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for The VLDB Journal.

Blog post

Andrew, E.: What Is The Largest Known Object In The Universe?

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office: Government-Wide Guidelines and Management Assistance Center Needed To Improve ADP Systems Development. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC (1981)

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Hsu, Y.-T.: Input and Uptake in High School EFL Students’ Multiple-Draft Writing Process: A Case Study of a Taiwanese High School EFL Classroom, (2017)

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Fiske, I.H.: KEATS’S “LAMIA.”; Found on Shelley’s Drowned Body and Cast Into His Funeral Flames, (1906)

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	The VLDB Journal
Abbreviation	VLDB J.
ISSN (print)	1066-8888
ISSN (online)	0949-877X
Scope	Hardware and Architecture Information Systems