How to format your references using the The New Zealand Medical Journal citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for The New Zealand Medical Journal. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Lu K. Nanomaterials. Making strong nanomaterials ductile with gradients. Science. 2014 Sep 19;345(6203):1455–6.

A journal article with 2 authors

Raşa M, Philipse AP. Evidence for a macroscopic electric field in the sedimentation profiles of charged colloids. Nature. 2004 Jun 24;429(6994):857–60.

A journal article with 3 authors

Lourens LJ, Wehausen R, Brumsack HJ. Geological constraints on tidal dissipation and dynamical ellipticity of the Earth over the past three million years. Nature. 2001 Feb 22;409(6823):1029–33.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Bao Z, Yuan X, Duan S, Dong X. Clinical implication of changes in serum adiponectin in patients with hepatogenic diabetes. Sci Rep. 2014 Jul 3;4:5560.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Cooper N, Forrest K, Cramp P. Essential Guide to Generic Skills. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd; 2008.

An edited book

Groenewegen HJ, Voorn P, Berendse HW, Mulder AB, Cools AR, editors. The Basal Ganglia IX. New York, NY: Springer; 2009. (Advances in Behavioral Biology; vol. 58).

A chapter in an edited book

Gupta SK, Bencurova E, Srivastava M, Pahlavan P, Balkenhol J, Dandekar T. Improving Re-annotation of Annotated Eukaryotic Genomes. In: Wong KC, editor. Big Data Analytics in Genomics. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016. p. 171–95.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for The New Zealand Medical Journal.

Blog post

Andrew E. Novel Treatment May Provide Broad Protection Against Flu Viruses [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2014 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/novel-treatment-may-provide-broad-protection-against-flu-viruses/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Missile Development: Advanced Medium Range Air-to-Air Missile (AMRAAM) Certification Issues. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1986 Jul. Report No.: NSIAD-86-124BR.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Wood ED. A Study of the Effect of Grouping Students and Results on the Ohio Achievement Assessment for Reading [Doctoral dissertation]. [Minneapolis, MN]: Capella University; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Poniewozik J. A TV Show That’s Amazing, Not Necessarily Good. New York Times. 2016 Nov 14;C1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	The New Zealand Medical Journal
ISSN (print)	0028-8446
ISSN (online)	1175-8716
Scope