How to format your references using the The New Zealand Medical Journal citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for The New Zealand Medical Journal. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

de Lange C. Diagnosis: Waiting for results. Nature. 2013 Oct 10;502(7470):S10-2.

A journal article with 2 authors

Hågvar S, Ohlson M. Ancient carbon from a melting glacier gives high ¹⁴C age in living pioneer invertebrates. Sci Rep. 2013 Oct 2;3:2820.

A journal article with 3 authors

Ochman H, Lawrence JG, Groisman EA. Lateral gene transfer and the nature of bacterial innovation. Nature. 2000 May 18;405(6784):299–304.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Fischer SEJ, Butler MD, Pan Q, Ruvkun G. Trans-splicing in C. elegans generates the negative RNAi regulator ERI-6/7. Nature. 2008 Sep 25;455(7212):491–6.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Wen S, Huang P. Principles of Tribology. Singapore: John Wiley & Sons Singapore Pte. Ltd.; 2017.

An edited book

Malo MÁ, Sciulli D, editors. Disadvantaged Workers: Empirical Evidence and Labour Policies. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2014. XII, 320 p. 29 illus. (AIEL Series in Labour Economics).

A chapter in an edited book

Lozovanu D, Pickl S. Errata to: Optimization of Stochastic Discrete Systems and Control on Complex Networks. In: Pickl S, editor. Optimization of Stochastic Discrete Systems and Control on Complex Networks: Computational Networks. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015. p. E1–4. (Advances in Computational Management Science).

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for The New Zealand Medical Journal.

Blog post

Davis J. All The World’s Spiders Eat As Much Prey As All The World’s Whales [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2017 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/all-the-worlds-spiders-eat-as-much-prey-as-all-the-worlds-whales/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Contract Award Protest. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1973 Apr. Report No.: B-177482.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Crane CC. A Qualitative Study on the Preferred Working Environment of Southern California Secondary Teachers with Experience in Both a District Traditional School and a District Charter School [Doctoral dissertation]. [Malibu, CA]: Pepperdine University; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Wagner J. Author of Mets’ Run Acts as Open Book. New York Times. 2016 Oct 4;B9.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	The New Zealand Medical Journal
ISSN (print)	0028-8446
ISSN (online)	1175-8716
Scope