How to format your references using the The New Zealand Medical Journal citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for The New Zealand Medical Journal. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Buckingham M. A cellular cornucopia. Nature. 2000 Dec 14;408(6814):773.

A journal article with 2 authors

Mariani FV, Martin GR. Deciphering skeletal patterning: clues from the limb. Nature. 2003 May 15;423(6937):319–25.

A journal article with 3 authors

Iborra FJ, Jackson DA, Cook PR. Coupled transcription and translation within nuclei of mammalian cells. Science. 2001 Aug 10;293(5532):1139–42.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Xie J, Xu G, Wang J, Zhang S, Zhang F, Li Y, et al. Addition of visual noise boosts evoked potential-based brain-computer interface. Sci Rep. 2014 May 14;4:4953.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Bojar RM. Manual of Perioperative Care in Adult Cardiac Surgery. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell; 2010.

An edited book

Dohi T, Liao H, editors. Computer Aided Surgery: 7th Asian Conference on Computer Aided Surgery, Bangkok, Thailand, August 2011, Proceedings. Tokyo: Springer Japan; 2012. XII, 155 p. 121 illus. (Proceedings in Information and Communications Technology; vol. 3).

A chapter in an edited book

Sanchez-Infantes D, Elks CM, Stephens JM. Pathophysiology of Obesity and the Metabolic Syndrome: Rodent Models. In: Mullin GE, Cheskin LJ, Matarese LE, editors. Integrative Weight Management: A Guide for Clinicians. New York, NY: Springer; 2014. p. 35–46.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for The New Zealand Medical Journal.

Blog post

Fang J. Carnivorous Bats Evolved Special Skulls [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2016 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/carnivorous-bats-evolved-special-skulls/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Airport Improvement Program: Program Funding by State Relative to Enplanements for Selected Years. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1993 Oct. Report No.: RCED-94-7FS.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Griffin MG. The lived experience of first line managers during planned organizational change: A phenomenological study of one firm in the residential construction industry [Doctoral dissertation]. [Washington, DC]: George Washington University; 2008.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kelly S. CHILDREN’S BOOKS. New York Times. 1993 Jan 24;717.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	The New Zealand Medical Journal
ISSN (print)	0028-8446
ISSN (online)	1175-8716
Scope