How to format your references using the The New Zealand Medical Journal citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for The New Zealand Medical Journal. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Sampat BN. Lessons from Bayh-Dole. Nature. 2010 Dec 9;468(7325):755–6.

A journal article with 2 authors

Köhler HR, Triebskorn R. Wildlife ecotoxicology of pesticides: can we track effects to the population level and beyond? Science. 2013 Aug 16;341(6147):759–65.

A journal article with 3 authors

Xu C, Shang XD, Huang RX. Horizontal eddy energy flux in the world oceans diagnosed from altimetry data. Sci Rep. 2014 Jun 17;4:5316.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Shook BA, Wasko RR, Rivera-Gonzalez GC, Salazar-Gatzimas E, López-Giráldez F, Dash BC, et al. Myofibroblast proliferation and heterogeneity are supported by macrophages during skin repair. Science. 2018 Nov 23;362(6417).

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

van Bosse JG. Signaling in Telecommunication Networks. New York, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2002.

An edited book

Lieberman H, Paternò F, Wulf V, editors. End User Development. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2006. XVI, 492 p. (Human-Computer Interaction Series; vol. 9).

A chapter in an edited book

Briken V. Mycobacterium tuberculosis Genes Involved in Regulation of Host Cell Death. In: Divangahi M, editor. The New Paradigm of Immunity to Tuberculosis. New York, NY: Springer; 2013. p. 93–102. (Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology).

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for The New Zealand Medical Journal.

Blog post

Andrew E. Unburnable Carbon: Why We Need To Leave Fossil Fuels In The Ground [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/environment/unburnable-carbon-why-we-need-leave-fossil-fuels-ground/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Meeting the Aviation Challenges of the 1990s: Experts Define Key Problems and Identify Emerging Issues. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1991 Jul. Report No.: RCED-91-152.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Tu KN. Novel bivalent organophosphates as inhibitors of butyrylcholinesterase — Compounds with potential for treatment of Alzheimer’s disease and studies in the development of asymmetric catalytic Kabachnik-Fields reaction [Doctoral dissertation]. [Long Beach, CA]: California State University, Long Beach; 2013.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Vecsey G. Back in Queens, Johnson Is Full of Memories and Statistics. New York Times. 2013 Sep 10;B12.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	The New Zealand Medical Journal
ISSN (print)	0028-8446
ISSN (online)	1175-8716
Scope