How to format your references using the The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Osborne, Jonathan. “Arguing to Learn in Science: The Role of Collaborative, Critical Discourse.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 328, no. 5977 (April 23, 2010): 463–66.

A journal article with 2 authors

Broecker, W. S., and S. Hemming. “Paleoclimate. Climate Swings Come into Focus.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 294, no. 5550 (December 14, 2001): 2308–9.

A journal article with 3 authors

Douglas, Shawn M., Ido Bachelet, and George M. Church. “A Logic-Gated Nanorobot for Targeted Transport of Molecular Payloads.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 335, no. 6070 (February 17, 2012): 831–34.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Murray, Carl D., Carlos Chavez, Kevin Beurle, Nick Cooper, Michael W. Evans, Joseph A. Burns, and Carolyn C. Porco. “How Prometheus Creates Structure in Saturn’s F Ring.” Nature 437, no. 7063 (October 27, 2005): 1326–29.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Girling, Philippa. Operational Risk Management. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013.

An edited book

AbuRahma, Ali F., and John J. Bergan, eds. Noninvasive Vascular Diagnosis: A Practical Guide to Therapy. Second Edition. London: Springer, 2007.

A chapter in an edited book

Kim, Ayoung, and Euijune Kim. “Spatial Agglomeration and Firm Performance in Korean Manufacturing Industry, 2012.” In Quantitative Regional Economic and Environmental Analysis for Sustainability in Korea, edited by Euijune Kim and Brian H. S. Kim, 89–104. New Frontiers in Regional Science: Asian Perspectives. Singapore: Springer, 2016.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History.

Blog post

Davis, Josh. “Both Wolves And Dogs Stop Cooperating If They Know They’ve Been Cheated.” IFLScience. IFLScience, June 8, 2017.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. “National Weather Service: Budget Events and Continuing Risks of Systems Modernization.” Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, March 4, 1998.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Kane, Brian H. “A Qualitative Exploratory Inquiry of Communicating in a Multigenerational Traditional-Rational Organization.” Doctoral dissertation, University of Phoenix, 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Crow, Kelly. “Where ‘You Have a Hole in One’ Doesn’t Mean You Have a Cavity.” New York Times, August 20, 2000.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text

About the journal

Full journal title	The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History
Abbreviation	J. Imp. Commonw. Hist.
ISSN (print)	0308-6534
ISSN (online)	1743-9329
Scope	History Development Political Science and International Relations