How to format your references using the The Journal of Clinical Investigation citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for The Journal of Clinical Investigation. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Robinson A. Ancient civilization: Cracking the Indus script. Nature. 2015;526(7574):499–501.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Scott IC, Stainier DYR. Development. Fishing out a new heart. Science. 2002;298(5601):2141–2142.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Nishiyama T, Ohsumi K, Kishimoto T. Phosphorylation of Erp1 by p90rsk is required for cytostatic factor arrest in Xenopus laevis eggs. Nature. 2007;446(7139):1096–1099.

A journal article with 6 or more authors

1. Thibert C, et al. Inhibition of neuroepithelial patched-induced apoptosis by sonic hedgehog. Science. 2003;301(5634):843–846.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Wassenaar TM. Bacteria. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2011.

An edited book

1. Berretti S, Thampi SM, Dasgupta S, eds. Intelligent Systems Technologies and Applications: Volume 2. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Rubin A, Riznichenko G. Oscillations and Periodic Space Structures oscillations and periodic space structures of pH and Electric Potential Along the Cell Membrane of Algae Chara corallina. In: Riznichenko G, ed. Mathematical Biophysics. Boston, MA: Springer US; 2014:69–81.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for The Journal of Clinical Investigation.

Blog post

1. Andrew E. Meet The Next Generation of Waste-Free Food Packaging [Internet]. IFLScience. 2014. https://www.iflscience.com/environment/meet-next-generation-waste-free-food-packaging/. Accessed October 30, 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Space Station: Impact of the Grounding of the Shuttle Fleet. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2003.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. E C-C. The syntax of comparative correlatives in Mandarin Chinese. 2014.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Belson K, Pilon M. Gatlin, Continuing Comeback from Ban, Earns Return to the Olympics. New York Times. 2012;D8.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (1).
This sentence cites two references (1, 2).
This sentence cites four references (1–4).

About the journal

Full journal title	The Journal of Clinical Investigation
Abbreviation	J. Clin. Invest.
ISSN (print)	0021-9738
ISSN (online)	1558-8238
Scope	General Medicine