How to format your references using the The Journal of Clinical Investigation citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for The Journal of Clinical Investigation (JCI). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Chakravarty S. Physics. From complexity to simplicity. Science. 2008;319(5864):735–736.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Ridderinkhof KR, van den Wildenberg WPM. Neuroscience. Adaptive coding. Science. 2005;307(5712):1059–1060.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Turner AH, Makovicky PJ, Norell MA. Feather quill knobs in the dinosaur Velociraptor. Science. 2007;317(5845):1721.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

1. Rubin KH, et al. Minimum speed limit for ocean ridge magmatism from 210Pb-226Ra-230Th disequilibria. Nature. 2005;437(7058):534–538.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Mohos FÁ. Confectionery and Chocolate Engineering. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2017.

An edited book

1. Awrejcewicz J, ed. Dynamical Systems: Theoretical and Experimental Analysis: Łódź, Poland, December 7-10, 2015. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Thalheim B, Jaakkola H. The Cultural Background and Support for Smart Web Information Systems. In: Link S, Trujillo JC, eds. Advances in Conceptual Modeling: ER 2016 Workshops, AHA, MoBiD, MORE-BI, MReBA, QMMQ, SCME, and WM2SP, Gifu, Japan, November 14–17, 2016, Proceedings. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016:30–45.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for The Journal of Clinical Investigation.

Blog post

1. Andrew E. Frozen Cones On Pluto – The First Discovery Of Ice Volcanoes? [Internet]. IFLScience. 2015. https://www.iflscience.com/space/frozen-cones-pluto-first-discovery-ice-volcanoes/. Accessed October 30, 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. NASA Budget: Potential Shortfalls in Funding NASA’s 5-Year Plan. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1992.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Batistick SA. Reclaiming One’s Gold: Imagining the Inner Child Through the Art of Therapeutic Fairy Tale Writing. 2015.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Poniewozik J. TV Dominates Culture, and Trump Jokes Abound. New York Times. 2016;C1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (1).
This sentence cites two references (1, 2).
This sentence cites four references (1–4).

About the journal

Full journal title	The Journal of Clinical Investigation
Abbreviation	J. Clin. Invest.
ISSN (print)	0021-9738
ISSN (online)	1558-8238
Scope	General Medicine