How to format your references using the The Journal of Arthroplasty citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for The Journal of Arthroplasty. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Long JCS. Piecemeal cuts won’t add up to radical reductions. Nature 2011;478:429.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Reisz RR, Sues HD. The “feathers” of Longisquama. Nature 2000;408:428.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Carr S, Heard DE, Blitz MA. Comment on “Atmospheric hydroxyl radical production from electronically excited NO2 and H2O.” Science 2009;324:336; author reply 336.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Moy CM, Seltzer GO, Rodbell DT, Anderson DM. Variability of El Niño/Southern Oscillation activity at millennial timescales during the Holocene epoch. Nature 2002;420:162–5.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Zhang W, Wan M. Milling Simulation. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2016.

An edited book

[1]

Verster JC, Pandi-Perumal SR, Streiner DL, editors. Sleep and Quality of Life in Clinical Medicine. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press; 2008.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Oum S-I. Approximating Rank-Width and Clique-Width Quickly. In: Kratsch D, editor. Graph-Theoretic Concepts in Computer Science: 31st International Workshop, WG 2005, Metz, France, June 23-25, 2005, Revised Selected Papers, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2005, p. 49–58.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for The Journal of Arthroplasty.

Blog post

[1]

Andrew E. Mercury: “First Rock From The Sun” In Transit. IFLScience 2016. https://www.iflscience.com/space/mercury-first-rock-sun-transit/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Air Traffic Control: Surveillance Radar Request for the Cherry Capital Airport. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1998.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Greene AE. An Inquiry into Workplace Incivility: Perceptions of Working Graduate Students. Doctoral dissertation. Lindenwood University, 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Billard M. From the Borough Of Writerly Types, A Look Inward. New York Times 2013:E6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	The Journal of Arthroplasty
Abbreviation	J. Arthroplasty
ISSN (print)	0883-5403
Scope	Orthopedics and Sports Medicine