How to format your references using the The Journal of Arthroplasty citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for The Journal of Arthroplasty. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Humayun M. Planetary science. A unique piece of Mars. Science 2013;339:771–2.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Rickaby REM, Halloran P. Cool La Niña during the warmth of the Pliocene? Science 2005;307:1948–52.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Trautt ZT, Upmanyu M, Karma A. Interface mobility from interface random walk. Science 2006;314:632–5.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Yamagishi Y, Sakuno T, Shimura M, Watanabe Y. Heterochromatin links to centromeric protection by recruiting shugoshin. Nature 2008;455:251–5.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Knowles R. 200 Contractual Problems and their Solutions. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell; 2012.

An edited book

[1]

Pennisi A. Darwinian Biolinguistics: Theory and History of a Naturalistic Philosophy of Language and Pragmatics. vol. 12. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Benson DJ, Iyengar S, Krause H. Thursday. In: Iyengar S, Krause H, editors. Representations of Finite Groups: Local Cohomology and Support, Basel: Springer; 2012, p. 63–78.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for The Journal of Arthroplasty.

Blog post

[1]

Luntz S. Ebola Vaccine Found To Be 100 Percent Effective In Trial. IFLScience 2016. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/ebola-vaccine-found-to-be-100-percent-effective-in-trial/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Space Station: Resolving Conflict Over Integration Contractor’s Role. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1992.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Bennett CA. The stigma of mental illness as experienced by mental health professionals as patients: A phenomenological study. Doctoral dissertation. Pacifica Graduate Institute, 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Cooper M. Michael Tilson Thomas To Step Down in 2020. New York Times 2017:C3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	The Journal of Arthroplasty
Abbreviation	J. Arthroplasty
ISSN (print)	0883-5403
Scope	Orthopedics and Sports Medicine