How to format your references using the The Holocene citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for The Holocene. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Padian K (2001) Owen’s Parthian shot. Nature 412(6843): 123–124.

A journal article with 2 authors

Chen J and Novick RP (2009) Phage-mediated intergeneric transfer of toxin genes. Science (New York, N.Y.) 323(5910): 139–141.

A journal article with 3 authors

Choudhury S, Morgan D and Uberuaga BP (2014) Massive interfacial reconstruction at misfit dislocations in metal/oxide interfaces. Scientific reports 4: 6533.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Bower AS, Le Cann B, Rossby T, Zenk W, Gould J, Speer K, et al. (2002) Directly measured mid-depth circulation in the northeastern North Atlantic Ocean. Nature 419(6907): 603–607.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Aquino JA (2017) The International Family Guide to US University Admissions. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Stevanović Z (ed) (2015) Karst Aquifers—Characterization and Engineering. Cham: Springer International Publishing.

A chapter in an edited book

Kriz I and Pultr A (2013) Integration I: Multivariable Riemann Integral and Basic Ideas Toward the Lebesgue Integral. In: Pultr A (ed) Introduction to Mathematical Analysis. Basel: Springer, 97–116.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for The Holocene.

Blog post

Carpineti A (2016) Teenagers Discover Potential Exoplanets While On Work Experience. IFLScience. IFLScience. Available at: https://www.iflscience.com/space/teenagers-discover-potential-exoplanets-while-on-work-experience/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1986) Relaxation of the Common Failure Rate Assumption in Modelling Software Reliability. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Maddox CE (2012) Postcolonial play: Encounters with sport and physical culture in contemporary India. Doctoral dissertation, College Park, MD, University of Maryland, College Park.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Ellsberg SS (1967) Letters; THE ROAD AHEAD. New York Times, 20 August, page The New York Times MagazineSM10.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Padian, 2001).
This sentence cites two references (Chen and Novick, 2009; Padian, 2001).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Chen and Novick, 2009)
Three or more authors: (Bower et al., 2002)

About the journal

Full journal title	The Holocene
Abbreviation	Holocene
ISSN (print)	0959-6836
ISSN (online)	1477-0911
Scope	Archaeology Earth-Surface Processes Palaeontology Ecology Global and Planetary Change