How to format your references using the The British Journal of Criminology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for The British Journal of Criminology (BJC). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Bygbjerg, I.C. (2012) ‘Double burden of noncommunicable and infectious diseases in developing countries’, Science (New York, N.Y.), 337/6101: 1499–1501.

A journal article with 2 authors

Richardson, C. and Jasin, M. (2000) ‘Frequent chromosomal translocations induced by DNA double-strand breaks’, Nature, 405/6787: 697–700.

A journal article with 3 authors

Takahashi, T., Svoboda, K., and Malinow, R. (2003) ‘Experience strengthening transmission by driving AMPA receptors into synapses’, Science (New York, N.Y.), 299/5612: 1585–1588.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Tan, J.L., Ngeow, Y.F., Wee, W.Y., Wong, G.J., Ng, H.F., and Choo, S.W. (2014) ‘Comparative genomic analysis of Mycobacterium iranicum UM_TJL against representative mycobacterial species suggests its environmental origin’, Scientific reports, 4: 7169.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Coates, M. and Jenkins, B. (2010) Electrical Installation Calculations: For Compliance with BS 7671:2008. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Zhang, Q. (2012) Complexity, Analysis and Control of Singular Biological Systems, XVI, 236 p. 69 illus., 27 illus. in color p., (C. Liu & X. Zhang, Eds.), Vol. 421. Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Ehringfeld, A., Naber, L., Kappel, K., Fischer, G., Pichl, E., and Grechenig, T. (2011) ‘Learning from a Distributed Denial of Service Attack against a Legally Binding Electronic Election: Scenario, Operational Experience, Legal Consequences’, in K.N. Andersen, E. Francesconi, Å. Grönlund, and T.M. van Engers, eds, Electronic Government and the Information Systems Perspective: Second International Conference, EGOVIS 2011, Toulouse, France, August 29 – September 2, 2011. Proceedings, 56–67. Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for The British Journal of Criminology.

Blog post

Fang, J. (2015, March 29) ‘What Are These Bizarre Formations At Meteorite Fall Sites?’, IFLScience. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2012) Pipeline Safety:Collecting Data and Sharing Information on Federally Unregulated Gathering Pipelines Could Help Enhance Safety. U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Shambra, S.M. (2017) ‘Automated Vulnerability Assessment of Mobile Device Vulnerabilities’. Doctoral dissertation, Mississippi State University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Vecsey, G. (2012, July 26) ‘Soccer Is Welcome At Home of Sox’, New York Times, p. B15.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Bygbjerg 2012).
This sentence cites two references (Richardson and Jasin 2000; Bygbjerg 2012).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Richardson and Jasin 2000)
Three or more authors: (Tan et al. 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	The British Journal of Criminology
ISSN (print)	0007-0955
ISSN (online)	1464-3529
Scope