How to format your references using the The American Journal of the Medical Sciences citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for The American Journal of the Medical Sciences. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

von Andrian UH. Immunology. T cell activation in six dimensions. Science. 2002;296(5574):1815-1817.

A journal article with 2 authors

Welsh RM, Selin LK. Attrition of memory CD8 T cells. Nature. 2009;459(7247):E3-4; discussion E4.

A journal article with 3 authors

Nozaki T, Kato Y, Suzuki K. Late Jurassic ocean anoxic event: evidence from voluminous sulphide deposition and preservation in the Panthalassa. Sci Rep. 2013;3:1889.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Rao F, Ding K, Zhou Y, et al. Reducing the stochasticity of crystal nucleation to enable subnanosecond memory writing. Science. 2017;358(6369):1423-1427.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Saadoun AP. Esthetic Soft Tissue Management of Teeth and Implants. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd,.; 2012.

An edited book

Blum EK, Aho AV, eds. Computer Science: The Hardware, Software and Heart of It. 1st ed. Springer; 2011.

A chapter in an edited book

Broccard AF, Feihl F. Interactions Between the Pulmonary Circulation and Ventilation: An Overview for Intensivists. In: Lucangelo U, Pelosi P, Zin WA, Aliverti A, eds. Respiratory System and Artificial Ventilation. Springer; 2008:47-69.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for The American Journal of the Medical Sciences.

Blog post

Andrew E. Visualization Of Recent Asteroid Impacts With Earth. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Automatic Data Processing Policies, Procedures, and Practices at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), Pasadena, California. U.S. Government Printing Office; 1971.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Reitz MA. Nonlinear Robust Control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors With Applications to Hybrid Electric Vehicles. Doctoral dissertation. Southern Illinois University; 2016.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Norton MB. A House of Her Own. New York Times. October 20, 2013:BR14.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	The American Journal of the Medical Sciences
Abbreviation	Am. J. Med. Sci.
ISSN (print)	0002-9629
Scope	General Medicine