How to format your references using the Teaching and Teacher Education citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Teaching and Teacher Education. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Wunsch, C. (2002). Oceanography. What is the thermohaline circulation? Science (New York, N.Y.), 298(5596), 1179–1181.

A journal article with 2 authors

Cowan, J. J., & Sneden, C. (2006). Heavy element synthesis in the oldest stars and the early Universe. Nature, 440(7088), 1151–1156.

A journal article with 3 authors

McAlary, L., Yerbury, J. J., & Aquilina, J. A. (2013). Glutathionylation potentiates benign superoxide dismutase 1 variants to the toxic forms associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Scientific Reports, 3, 3275.

A journal article with 21 or more authors

Riebesell, U., Zondervan, I., Rost, B., Tortell, P. D., Zeebe, R. E., & Morel, F. M. (2000). Reduced calcification of marine plankton in response to increased atmospheric CO2. Nature, 407(6802), 364–367.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Fisher, R. B., Breckon, T. P., Dawson-Howe, K., Fitzgibbon, A., Robertson, C., Trucco, E., & Williams, C. K. I. (2016). Dictionary of Computer Vision and Image Processing. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Morris, C. C. (2012). Nutrient Indicator Models for Determining Biologically Relevant Levels: A case study based on the Corn Belt and Northern Great Plain Nutrient Ecoregion (T. P. Simon, Ed.). Springer Netherlands.

A chapter in an edited book

Fdhila, W., Rinderle-Ma, S., & Indiono, C. (2014). Memetic Algorithms for Mining Change Logs in Process Choreographies. In X. Franch, A. K. Ghose, G. A. Lewis, & S. Bhiri (Eds.), Service-Oriented Computing: 12th International Conference, ICSOC 2014, Paris, France, November 3-6, 2014. Proceedings (pp. 47–62). Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Teaching and Teacher Education.

Blog post

Andrew, E. (2015, November 11). Uncanny Valley: Why We Find Human-Like Robots And Dolls So Creepy. IFLScience; IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1976). Review of Energy Research and Development Administration’s Requirements for Safety Analysis Reports (B-183920). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

David, S. Z. (2016). A Practical Approach for Formation Damage Control in Both Miscible and Immiscible CO2 Gas Flooding in Asphaltenic Crude Systems Using Water Slugs and Injection Parameters [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Louisiana.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Pilon, M., & Lehren, A. W. (2014, August 22). A Tennis Board Woven With Conflicts. New York Times, D1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Wunsch, 2002).
This sentence cites two references (Cowan & Sneden, 2006; Wunsch, 2002).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Cowan & Sneden, 2006)
Three or more authors: (Riebesell et al., 2000)

About the journal

Full journal title	Teaching and Teacher Education
Abbreviation	Teach. Teach. Educ.
ISSN (print)	0742-051X
Scope	Education