How to format your references using the Teaching and Teacher Education citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Teaching and Teacher Education. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Rehmann, H. (2013). Epac-inhibitors: facts and artefacts. Scientific Reports, 3, 3032.

A journal article with 2 authors

di Bernardo, D., & Murray, A. (2000). Explaining the T-wave shape in the ECG. Nature, 403(6765), 40.

A journal article with 3 authors

Ellwood, M. J., Wille, M., & Maher, W. (2010). Glacial silicic acid concentrations in the Southern Ocean. Science (New York, N.Y.), 330(6007), 1088–1091.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Boulanger, M. J., Chow, D.-C., Brevnova, E. E., & Garcia, K. C. (2003). Hexameric structure and assembly of the interleukin-6/IL-6 alpha-receptor/gp130 complex. Science (New York, N.Y.), 300(5628), 2101–2104.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Tiwari, A., Gerhardt, R. A., & Szutkowska, M. (2016). Advanced Ceramic Materials. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Schwetje, G. (2007). The Business Plan: How to Win Your Investors’ Confidence (S. Vaseghi, Ed.). Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Harężlak, K., & Werner, A. (2012). Database Access and Management with the Use of the MOODLE Platform. In Z. S. Hippe, J. L. Kulikowski, & T. Mroczek (Eds.), Human – Computer Systems Interaction: Backgrounds and Applications 2: Part 1 (pp. 49–65). Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Teaching and Teacher Education.

Blog post

Evans, K. (2016, September 21). Study Finds No Proof Fitness Trackers Help With Weight Loss. IFLScience; IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/study-finds-no-proof-fitness-trackers-help-with-weight-loss/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1981). Review of Pension and Fringe Benefits for Contractors’ Employees at NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Center (HRD-81-142). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

CampBell, P. K. (2012). Lenses of indigenous feminism: Digging up the roots of Western patriarchy in “Perma Red” and “Monkey Beach” [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Arizona.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Gorman, J. (2017, March 31). One-Celled Hunter With Impressive Weapon. New York Times, D3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Rehmann, 2013).
This sentence cites two references (di Bernardo & Murray, 2000; Rehmann, 2013).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (di Bernardo & Murray, 2000)
Three authors: (Ellwood et al., 2010)
6 or more authors: (Boulanger et al., 2003)

About the journal

Full journal title	Teaching and Teacher Education
Abbreviation	Teach. Teach. Educ.
ISSN (print)	0742-051X
Scope	Education