How to format your references using the Teaching and Teacher Education citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Teaching and Teacher Education. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Ke, D.-G. (2013). Unifying complexity and information. Scientific Reports, 3, 1585.

A journal article with 2 authors

Field, B., & Osbourn, A. E. (2008). Metabolic diversification--independent assembly of operon-like gene clusters in different plants. Science (New York, N.Y.), 320(5875), 543–547.

A journal article with 3 authors

Munsky, B., Neuert, G., & van Oudenaarden, A. (2012). Using gene expression noise to understand gene regulation. Science (New York, N.Y.), 336(6078), 183–187.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Schlag, J., Cai, R. H., Dorfman, A., Mohempour, A., & Schlag-Rey, M. (2000). Extrapolating movement without retinal motion. Nature, 403(6765), 38–39.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Sinzinger, S., & Jahns, J. (2005). Microoptics. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA.

An edited book

Dworkin, M., Falkow, S., Rosenberg, E., Schleifer, K.-H., & Stackebrandt, E. (Eds.). (2006). The Prokaryotes: Volume 2: Ecophysiology and Biochemistry. Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Kreinovich, V., Nguyen, H. T., & Sriboonchitta, S. (2015). What if We Only Have Approximate Stochastic Dominance? In V.-N. Huynh, V. Kreinovich, S. Sriboonchitta, & K. Suriya (Eds.), Econometrics of Risk (pp. 53–61). Springer International Publishing.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Teaching and Teacher Education.

Blog post

Hale, T. (2016, November 7). Captain Cook’s Maps Are Helping Us Understand Arctic Sea Ice Melt. IFLScience; IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/environment/captain-cooks-maps-are-helping-us-understand-arctic-sea-ice-melt/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (2010). Technology Assessment: Explosives Detection Technologies to Protect Passenger Rail (GAO-10-898). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Theis, J. Y. (2013). Accessing mental health services among Asian American adults: Evidence from the California Health Interview Survey (CHIS) [Doctoral dissertation]. California State University, Long Beach.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Leland, J. (2017, May 19). Twilight of a Difficult Man. New York Times, MB1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Ke, 2013).
This sentence cites two references (Field & Osbourn, 2008; Ke, 2013).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Field & Osbourn, 2008)
Three authors: (Munsky et al., 2012)
6 or more authors: (Schlag et al., 2000)

About the journal

Full journal title	Teaching and Teacher Education
Abbreviation	Teach. Teach. Educ.
ISSN (print)	0742-051X
Scope	Education