How to format your references using the Targeted Oncology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Targeted Oncology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Goldston D. A debatable proposition. Nature. 2008;451:621.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Veigel C, Schmidt CF. Biochemistry. Friction in motor proteins. Science. 2009;325:826–7.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Catling DC, Zahnle KJ, McKay C. Biogenic methane, hydrogen escape, and the irreversible oxidation of early Earth. Science. 2001;293:839–43.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Relaix F, Rocancourt D, Mansouri A, Buckingham M. A Pax3/Pax7-dependent population of skeletal muscle progenitor cells. Nature. 2005;435:948–53.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Ibrahim RA. Handbook of Structural Life Assessment. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2017.

An edited book

1. Duque G, Watanabe K, editors. Osteoporosis Research: Animal Models. London: Springer; 2011.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Chimphango SBM, Belane A, Naab JB, Tanzubil PB, Asiwe JAN, Ndakidemi PA, et al. Multi-Factor Approach to Identifying Cowpea Genotypes with Superior Symbiotic Traits and Higher Yield for Africa. In: Dakora FD, Chimphango SBM, Valentine AJ, Elmerich C, Newton WE, editors. Biological Nitrogen Fixation: Towards Poverty Alleviation through Sustainable Agriculture: Proceedings of the 15th International Nitrogen Fixation Congress and the 12th International Conference of the African Association for Biological Nitrogen Fixation. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2008. p. 23–4.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Targeted Oncology.

Blog post

1. Fang J. What Can Rats Wearing Jackets Tell Us About Men Who Love Lingerie? IFLScience. IFLScience; 2014.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Healthcare.gov: Ineffective Planning and Oversight Practices Underscore the Need for Improved Contract Management. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2014 Jul. Report No.: GAO-14-694.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Daysal NM. The effects of uninsurance on hospitals and patient health [Doctoral dissertation]. [College Park, MD]: University of Maryland, College Park; 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Koblin J. Never Mind the Ratings. New York Times. 2017 Aug 10;B1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Targeted Oncology
Abbreviation	Target. Oncol.
ISSN (print)	1776-2596
ISSN (online)	1776-260X
Scope	Cancer Research Oncology Pharmacology (medical)