How to format your references using the Targeted Oncology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Targeted Oncology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Davis RJ. Cell biology. A scaffold switch to insulate. Science. 2012;337:1178–9.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Lambert JD, Nagy LM. Asymmetric inheritance of centrosomally localized mRNAs during embryonic cleavages. Nature. 2002;420:682–6.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Arlettaz R, Jones G, Racey PA. Effect of acoustic clutter on prey detection by bats. Nature. 2001;414:742–5.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Lin J, Heo Y-U, Nattestad A, Sun Z, Wang L, Kim JH, et al. 3D hierarchical rutile TiO2 and metal-free organic sensitizer producing dye-sensitized solar cells 8.6% conversion efficiency. Sci Rep. 2014;4:5769.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Raz D, Juhola A, Serrat-Fernandez J, Galis A. Fast and Efficient Context-Aware Services. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2006.

An edited book

1. Lopes L, Žilinskas J, Costan A, Cascella RG, Kecskemeti G, Jeannot E, et al., editors. Euro-Par 2014: Parallel Processing Workshops: Euro-Par 2014 International Workshops, Porto, Portugal, August 25-26, 2014, Revised Selected Papers, Part I. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Burton B, Lepp M, Morrison M, O’Toole J. Negative Leaders in School: Extending Ideas from the DRACON Project. In: Lepp M, Morrison M, O’Toole J, editors. Acting to Manage Conflict and Bullying Through Evidence-Based Strategies. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015. p. 59–78.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Targeted Oncology.

Blog post

1. Luntz S. Conspiracy Theorists Get Paper Withdrawn Through Bogus Legal Threat [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2014 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/environment/conspiracy-theorists-get-paper-withdrawn-through-bogus-legal-threat/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Space Acquisitions: Assessment of Overhead Persistent Infrared Technology Report. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2014 Jan. Report No.: GAO-14-287R.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Zbeeb K. Transport and dispersion of fire extinguishing agents downstream from clutter elements of aircraft engine nacelles [Doctoral dissertation]. [Boca Raton, FL]: Florida Atlantic University; 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Shpigel B. Its Sports Fandom Evolving, Atlanta Chases Football Glory. New York Times. 2017 Feb 3;A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Targeted Oncology
Abbreviation	Target. Oncol.
ISSN (print)	1776-2596
ISSN (online)	1776-260X
Scope	Cancer Research Oncology Pharmacology (medical)