How to format your references using the Surgical Oncology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Surgical Oncology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

B. Buffett, Geomagnetic fluctuations reveal stable stratification at the top of the Earth’s core, Nature 507 (2014) 484–487.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

C.R. Margules, R.L. Pressey, Systematic conservation planning, Nature 405 (2000) 243–253.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

P. Kalas, J.R. Graham, M. Clampin, A planetary system as the origin of structure in Fomalhaut’s dust belt, Nature 435 (2005) 1067–1070.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

X. Meng, D. Liu, X. Dai, H. Pan, X. Wen, L. Zuo, G. Qin, Novel stable hard transparent conductors in TiO₂-TiC system: design materials from scratch, Sci. Rep. 4 (2014) 7503.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

R. Kindmann, M. Kraus, Steel Structures, Ernst & Sohn Verlag für Architektur und technische Wissenschaften GmbH & Co. KG, Berlin, Germany, 2012.

An edited book

[1]

M.V. Diudea, C.L. Nagy, eds., Periodic Nanostructures, Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, 2007.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

M. Carter, D. Matthews, Configuration Management and Version Control in Earth System Modelling, in: G. Riley, R. Budich, R. Redler (Eds.), Earth System Modelling - Volume 5: Tools for Configuring, Building and Running Models, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2012: pp. 31–43.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Surgical Oncology.

Blog post

[1]

T. Hale, The Sexiest Way To Dance, According To Science, IFLScience (2017).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, FAA Budget: 1991 Funding Request for Computers and Communications Can Be Reduced, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1990.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

S.M. Saurage-Altenloh, The Measured Influence of Supplier CSR on Brand Performance Expectations in B2B Relationships, Doctoral dissertation, Capella University, 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

M. Rosenberg, S. LaFRANIERE, M. Apuzzo, Foreign Policy Advisers, Added To Solve a Problem, Pose One, New York Times (2017) A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Surgical Oncology
Abbreviation	Surg. Oncol.
ISSN (print)	0960-7404
Scope	Oncology Surgery