How to format your references using the Surface Science citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Surface Science. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

G.A. Waychunas, Interfacial chemistry. Disrupting dissolving ions at surfaces with fluid flow, Science. 344 (2014) 1094–1095.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

C. Pasare, R. Medzhitov, Control of B-cell responses by Toll-like receptors, Nature. 438 (2005) 364–368.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

D. Weil, M. Graham, A. Fung, Science and regulation. Targeting transparency, Science. 340 (2013) 1410–1411.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

Y. Jiang, Z. Chen, Y. Han, P. Deb, H. Gao, S. Xie, P. Purohit, M.W. Tate, J. Park, S.M. Gruner, V. Elser, D.A. Muller, Electron ptychography of 2D materials to deep sub-ångström resolution, Nature. 559 (2018) 343–349.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

H. Donald, G. Robert D., Longitudinal Data Analysis: Hedeker/Longitudinal, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ, 2006.

An edited book

[1]

G. Liu, C. Yang, T. Hao, X. Luo, eds., Oil and Gas Resources in China: A Roadmap to 2050, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2010.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

J.P. Sousa, R.K. Balan, V. Poladian, D. Garlan, M. Satyanarayanan, A Software Infrastructure for User–Guided Quality–of–Service Tradeoffs, in: J. Cordeiro, B. Shishkov, A. Ranchordas, M. Helfert (Eds.), Software and Data Technologies: Third International Conference, ICSOFT 2008, Porto, Portugal, July 22-24, 2008, Revised Selected Papers, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2009: pp. 48–61.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Surface Science.

Blog post

[1]

J. Davis, Researchers Observe Exact Moment When A Mind Is Changed, IFLScience. (2015). https://www.iflscience.com/brain/researchers-observe-exact-moment-when-mind-changed/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, TSA Acquisitions: Opportunities Exist to Enhance Efficiency of Screening Technology Test and Evaluation, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 2016.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

R. Galvan, A mixed-methods study of mathematics and science achievement of refugee students in homogeneous and heterogeneous groups, Doctoral dissertation, Capella University, 2015.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

M. Pilon, U.S.O.C. Narrows Bids to Four Cities, New York Times. (2014) D5.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Surface Science
Abbreviation	Surf. Sci.
ISSN (print)	0039-6028
Scope	Materials Chemistry Surfaces, Coatings and Films Condensed Matter Physics Surfaces and Interfaces

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