How to format your references using the Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Scarpa R. Volcanology. Predicting volcanic eruptions. Science. 2001;293:615–6.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Schneider DS, Chambers MC. Microbiology. Rogue insect immunity. Science. 2008;322:1199–200.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Kürner J, Frangakis AS, Baumeister W. Cryo-electron tomography reveals the cytoskeletal structure of Spiroplasma melliferum. Science. 2005;307:436–8.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Gabriel JC, Camerel F, Lemaire BJ, Desvaux H, Davidson P, Batail P. Swollen liquid-crystalline lamellar phase based on extended solid-like sheets. Nature. 2001;413:504–8.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Peters M, Glasser D, Hildebrandt D, Kauchali S. Membrane Process Design Using Residue Curve Maps. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2011.

An edited book

1. Chen J, Hu X, Stenzel-Poore M, Zhang JH, editors. Immunological Mechanisms and Therapies in Brain Injuries and Stroke. New York, NY: Springer; 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Iosifidis P, Wheeler M. Western Media Policy Frameworks and Values. In: Wheeler M, editor. Public Spheres and Mediated Social Networks in the Western Context and Beyond. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK; 2016. p. 65–92.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy.

Blog post

1. Andrew E. Vegetarians Cause Environmental Damage, But Meat Eaters Aren’t Off The Hook. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2014.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. College Textbooks: Enhanced Offerings Appear to Drive Recent Price Increases. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2005 Jul. Report No.: GAO-05-806.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Johnson AS. Fatigue Behavior and Microstructure of Direct Laser Deposited Inconel 718 Alloy [Doctoral dissertation]. [Mississippi State, MS]: Mississippi State University; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Schwirtz M, Turkewitz J. Charred Body of Kidnapped Man Is Found on Long Island. New York Times. 2014 Jan 5;A4.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy
Abbreviation	Subst. Abuse Treat. Prev. Policy
ISSN (online)	1747-597X
Scope	Health Policy Psychiatry and Mental health