How to format your references using the Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Nee S. The great chain of being. Nature. 2005;435:429.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Lyon BE, Eadie JM. An obligate brood parasite trapped in the intraspecific arms race of its hosts. Nature. 2004;432:390–3.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Lavine M, Frisk M, Pennisi E. Biomaterials. Introduction. Science. 2012;338:899.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Lee B, Yoon CS, Lee HR, Chung KY, Cho BW, Oh SH. Electrochemically-induced reversible transition from the tunneled to layered polymorphs of manganese dioxide. Sci Rep. 2014;4:6066.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Lißner K, Rug W. Der Eurocode 5 für Deutschland Eurocode 5: Bemessung und Konstruktion von Holzbauten. Berlin, Germany: Wilhelm Ernst & Sohn Verlag für Architektur und technische Wissenschaften GmbH & Co. KG; 2016.

An edited book

1. Kountchev R, Iantovics B, editors. Advances in Intelligent Analysis of Medical Data and Decision Support Systems. Heidelberg: Springer International Publishing; 2013.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Dietz HG, Young BD. MIMD Interpretation on a GPU. In: Gao GR, Pollock LL, Cavazos J, Li X, editors. Languages and Compilers for Parallel Computing: 22nd International Workshop, LCPC 2009, Newark, DE, USA, October 8-10, 2009, Revised Selected Papers. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2010. p. 65–79.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy.

Blog post

1. Luntz S. Nest Architecture Determines Ants’ Capacity To Forage Collectively [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/nest-architecture-determines-ants-capacity-forage-collectively/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Digital Television Transition: Implementation of the Converter Box Subsidy Program Is Under Way, but Preparedness to Manage an Increase in Subsidy Demand Is Unclear. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2008 Sep. Report No.: GAO-08-1040.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Griffin MG. The lived experience of first line managers during planned organizational change: A phenomenological study of one firm in the residential construction industry [Doctoral dissertation]. [Washington, DC]: George Washington University; 2008.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Hollander S. The Bus-Stop Guessing Game. New York Times. 2009 Mar 1;CY5.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy
Abbreviation	Subst. Abuse Treat. Prev. Policy
ISSN (online)	1747-597X
Scope	Health Policy Psychiatry and Mental health