How to format your references using the Stem Cells citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Stem Cells. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Matsuda R. Materials chemistry: Selectivity from flexibility. Nature 2014;509:434–435.

A journal article with 2 authors

Blagosklonny MV, Pardee AB. Conceptual biology: unearthing the gems. Nature 2002;416:373.

A journal article with 3 authors

Soroceanu L, Akhavan A, Cobbs CS. Platelet-derived growth factor-alpha receptor activation is required for human cytomegalovirus infection. Nature 2008;455:391–395.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Giraud A, Matic I, Tenaillon O, et al. Costs and benefits of high mutation rates: adaptive evolution of bacteria in the mouse gut. Science 2001;291:2606–2608.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Imrie R, Street E. Architectural Design and Regulation. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd., 2011.

An edited book

Comninellis C, Chen G, editors. Electrochemistry for the Environment. New York, NY: Springer, 2010.

A chapter in an edited book

Taylor LD. Stability of U.S. Consumption Expenditure Patterns: 1996–1999. In: Houthakker HS, ed. Consumer Demand in the United States: Prices, Income, and Consumption Behavior, New York, NY: Springer, 2010:89–106.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Stem Cells.

Blog post

Andrews R. Element 117 Has Officially Been Named “Tennessine.” IFLScience 2016. Available at https://www.iflscience.com/chemistry/element-117-officially-named-tennessine/ Accessed October 30, 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Payments for Independent Research and Development and Bid and Proposal Costs. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1973.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Edwards DH. Why Do They Get High?: An Examination of Social Bond Theory and Substance Use in College. Doctoral dissertation. University of Louisiana, 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Wagner J. Tebow, Hitting .220, Receives a Promotion. New York Times 2017:D2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Stem Cells
Abbreviation	Stem Cells
ISSN (print)	1066-5099
ISSN (online)	1549-4918
Scope	Cell Biology Developmental Biology Molecular Medicine