How to format your references using the Sports Medicine - Open citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Sports Medicine - Open. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Engheta N. Circuits with light at nanoscales: optical nanocircuits inspired by metamaterials. Science. 2007;317:1698–702.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Wang Z, Becker H. Ratios of S, Se and Te in the silicate Earth require a volatile-rich late veneer. Nature. 2013;499:328–31.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Oh K, Jeong KS, Moore JS. Folding-driven synthesis of oligomers. Nature. 2001;414:889–93.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Sharma KK, Shrivastava B, Sastry VRB, Sehgal N, Kuhad RC. Middle-redox potential laccase from Ganoderma sp.: its application in improvement of feed for monogastric animals. Sci Rep. 2013;3:1299.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Radoine H. Architecture in Context. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2017.

An edited book

1. Gámiz ML. Applied Nonparametric Statistics in Reliability. Kulasekera KB, Limnios N, Lindqvist BH, editors. London: Springer; 2011.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Daun H, Siminou P. Decentralisation and Market Mechanisms in Education – Examples from Six European Countries. In: Zajda J, Gamage DT, editors. Decentralisation, School-Based Management, and Quality. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2009. p. 77–101.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Sports Medicine - Open.

Blog post

1. Fang J. World’s Oldest Known Fossils Are Just Oddly Shaped Minerals [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/environment/new-study-closes-debate-world-s-oldest-fossils/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Transportation Services: Better Dissemination and Oversight of DOT’s Guidance Could Lead to Improved Access for Limited English-Proficient Populations (Vietnamese Version). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2005 Nov. Report No.: GAO-06-187.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Dallara A. The “femme-homme” of the French Revolution: Gender boundaries and masculinization [Doctoral dissertation]. [Long Beach, CA]: California State University, Long Beach; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Williams J. Australia’s Property Boom Makes Publisher a Target. New York Times. 2017 May 30;B1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Sports Medicine - Open
Abbreviation	Sports Med. Open
ISSN (print)	2199-1170
ISSN (online)	2198-9761
Scope

Research and Writing Guides