How to format your references using the Sports Medicine - Open citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Sports Medicine - Open. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Panksepp J. Neuroscience. Feeling the pain of social loss. Science. 2003;302:237–9.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Birney E, Soranzo N. Human genomics: The end of the start for population sequencing. Nature. 2015;526:52–3.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Sekiguchi Y, Arai K, Kohshima S. Sleep behaviour: sleep in continuously active dolphins. Nature. 2006;441:E9-10; discussion E11.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Li N, Wang H, Misra A, Wang J. In situ nanoindentation study of plastic co-deformation in Al-TiN nanocomposites. Sci Rep. 2014;4:6633.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Phillips JJ, Brantley W, Phillips PP. Project Management ROI. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2011.

An edited book

1. Kapural L, editor. Chronic Abdominal Pain: An Evidence-Based, Comprehensive Guide to Clinical Management. New York, NY: Springer; 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Pascucci A, Runggaldier WJ. Tassi d’interesse. In: Runggaldier WJ, editor. Finanza Matematica: Teoria e problemi per modelli multiperiodali. Milano: Springer; 2009. p. 199–261.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Sports Medicine - Open.

Blog post

1. Hamilton K. What Would Happen To Earth If All Humans Disappeared? IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Aviation Weather: FAA and the National Weather Service Are Considering Plans to Consolidate Weather Service Offices, But Face Significant Challenges. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2009 Jul. Report No.: GAO-09-887T.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Kaiser CV. “Maps of the world[s] in its becoming[s]”: Seeking queer potentialities in the post-apocalyptic narrative [Doctoral dissertation]. [Long Beach, CA]: California State University, Long Beach; 2015.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Vecsey G. Here’s the Kicker: He Was Suddenly A Punter, Too. New York Times. 2010 Jan 10;SP3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Sports Medicine - Open
Abbreviation	Sports Med. Open
ISSN (print)	2199-1170
ISSN (online)	2198-9761
Scope