How to format your references using the Spatial and Spatio-temporal Epidemiology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Spatial and Spatio-temporal Epidemiology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Nurse P. Systems biology: understanding cells. Nature. 2003 Aug 21;424(6951):883.

A journal article with 2 authors

Yang Y, Lisberger SG. Purkinje-cell plasticity and cerebellar motor learning are graded by complex-spike duration. Nature. 2014 Jun 26;510(7506):529–32.

A journal article with 3 authors

Maurer SM, Firestone RB, Scriver CR. Science’s neglected legacy. Nature. 2000 May 11;405(6783):117–20.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Li M, Pernice WHP, Xiong C, Baehr-Jones T, Hochberg M, Tang HX. Harnessing optical forces in integrated photonic circuits. Nature. 2008 Nov 27;456(7221):480–4.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Dasgupta A. Resolving Erroneous Reports in Toxicology and Therapeutic Drug Monitoring. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2012.

An edited book

Yukawa H, Inui M, editors. Corynebacterium glutamicum: Biology and Biotechnology. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2013. (Microbiology Monographs; vol. 23).

A chapter in an edited book

Struble MB. The Vitamins and Minerals: A Functional Approach. In: Wilson T, Bray GA, Temple NJ, Struble MB, editors. Nutrition Guide for Physicians. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press; 2010. p. 39–64.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Spatial and Spatio-temporal Epidemiology.

Blog post

Fang J. Young Mice Exposed to Cat Pee Don’t Escape Later On. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Manned Undersea Science and Technology Needs Focus and Direction. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1977 Jul. Report No.: PSAD-77-130.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Burnley T. Psychotherapist as Modern-Day Shaman [Doctoral dissertation]. [Carpinteria, CA]: Pacifica Graduate Institute; 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Feeney K. Licks of the Tropics. New York Times. 2010 Jul 11;NJ7.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Nurse 2003).
This sentence cites two references (Nurse 2003; Yang and Lisberger 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Yang and Lisberger 2014)
Three or more authors: (Li et al. 2008)

About the journal

Full journal title	Spatial and Spatio-temporal Epidemiology
Abbreviation	Spat. Spatiotemporal Epidemiol.
ISSN (print)	1877-5845
Scope	Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis Epidemiology Infectious Diseases Geography, Planning and Development