How to format your references using the Spatial and Spatio-temporal Epidemiology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Spatial and Spatio-temporal Epidemiology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Lorimer DR. Astronomy. A pulsar bonanza. Science 2005;307:855–6.

A journal article with 2 authors

Yoon S-J, Lee Y-W. An aligned stream of low-metallicity clusters in the halo of the Milky Way. Science 2002;297:578–81.

A journal article with 3 authors

Dwyer G, Dushoff J, Yee SH. The combined effects of pathogens and predators on insect outbreaks. Nature 2004;430:341–5.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Feng M, Lu Y, Yang Y, Zhang M, Xu Y-J, Gao H-L, et al. Bioinspired greigite magnetic nanocrystals: chemical synthesis and biomedicine applications. Sci Rep 2013;3:2994.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Gu X, Jiang N, Ji K, Li H, Qiu X, Li W, et al. Self-healing Control Technology for Distribution Networks. Singapore: John Wiley & Sons Singapore Pte. Ltd; 2017.

An edited book

Bagińska E, editor. Damages for Violations of Human Rights: A Comparative Study of Domestic Legal Systems. vol. 9. 1st ed. 2016. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

Berg-Yuen P, Krokhmal P, Murphey R, Kammerdiner A. Characterization of the Operator Cognitive State Using Response Times During Semiautonomous Weapon Task Assignment. In: Sorokin A, Murphey R, Thai MT, Pardalos PM, editors. Dynamics of Information Systems: Mathematical Foundations, New York, NY: Springer; 2012, p. 67–80.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Spatial and Spatio-temporal Epidemiology.

Blog post

Hale T. Ever Wondered How Astronauts Get Into Their Spacesuits? IFLScience 2015. https://www.iflscience.com/space/ever-wondered-how-astronauts-get-their-space-suits/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Bonneville’s ADP Resource Management Controls Show Improvement, but More Needs To Be Done. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1983.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Glennie NT. Examining trust factor relationships in the online business-to-consumer environment. Doctoral dissertation. Northcentral University, 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Steel E, Grynbaum MM. Top Fox News Lawyer, Key Figure in Sexual Harassment Cases, Goes on Leave. New York Times 2017:B3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Lorimer, 2005).
This sentence cites two references (Lorimer, 2005; Yoon and Lee, 2002).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Yoon and Lee, 2002)
Three or more authors: (Feng et al., 2013)

About the journal

Full journal title	Spatial and Spatio-temporal Epidemiology
Abbreviation	Spat. Spatiotemporal Epidemiol.
ISSN (print)	1877-5845
Scope	Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis Epidemiology Infectious Diseases Geography, Planning and Development