How to format your references using the Spatial and Spatio-temporal Epidemiology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Spatial and Spatio-temporal Epidemiology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Gammon K. Gene therapy: editorial control. Nature. 2014 Nov 13;515(7526):S11-3.

A journal article with 2 authors

Yamazaki T, Oda H. Orbital influence on Earth’s magnetic field: 100,000-year periodicity in inclination. Science. 2002 Mar 29;295(5564):2435–8.

A journal article with 3 authors

Li Y, Yi M, Zou X. The linear interplay of intrinsic and extrinsic noises ensures a high accuracy of cell fate selection in budding yeast. Sci Rep. 2014 Jul 21;4:5764.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Zhang T, Zhou J, Jiang R, Yang H, Carney PR, Jiang H. Pre-seizure state identified by diffuse optical tomography. Sci Rep. 2014 Jan 21;4:3798.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Hannam J. What Everyone Needs to Know about Tax. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2017.

An edited book

Maris CW, Jacobs FCLM, editors. Law, Order and Freedom: A Historical Introduction to Legal Philosophy. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2012. (Law and Philosophy Library; vol. 94).

A chapter in an edited book

Goin FJ, Woodburne MO, Zimicz AN, Martin GM, Chornogubsky L. Evolutionary Contexts. In: Woodburne M, Zimicz AN, Martin GM, Chornogubsky L, editors. A Brief History of South American Metatherians: Evolutionary Contexts and Intercontinental Dispersals. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2016. p. 125–54. (Springer Earth System Sciences).

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Spatial and Spatio-temporal Epidemiology.

Blog post

Andrew E. Ebola Outbreak’s Patient Zero Identified As A Toddler From Guinea [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2014 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/ebola-outbreak’s-patient-zero-identified-toddler-guinea/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Consolidation of Computer-Output-Microfilm Facilities in Hawaii. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1976 Nov. Report No.: LCD-76-129.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Wright MW. The Louisiana Teacher Assault Pay Statute: An Analysis of Court Decisions Interpreting the Statute and a Comparative Study of Teacher Assault Pay Statutes in Other States [Doctoral dissertation]. [ Lafayette, LA]: University of Louisiana; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Stewart JB. Snap Stretches the Limits of Valuation. New York Times. 2017 Mar 2;B1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Gammon 2014).
This sentence cites two references (Yamazaki and Oda 2002; Gammon 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Yamazaki and Oda 2002)
Three or more authors: (Zhang et al. 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Spatial and Spatio-temporal Epidemiology
Abbreviation	Spat. Spatiotemporal Epidemiol.
ISSN (print)	1877-5845
Scope	Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis Epidemiology Infectious Diseases Geography, Planning and Development