How to format your references using the Solar Energy citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Solar Energy. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Pinheiro, M.J., 2013. A variational method in out-of-equilibrium physical systems. Sci. Rep. 3, 3454.

A journal article with 2 authors

Plous, S., Herzog, H., 2001. Animal research. Reliability of protocol reviews for animal research. Science 293, 608–609.

A journal article with 3 authors

Durham, W.M., Kessler, J.O., Stocker, R., 2009. Disruption of vertical motility by shear triggers formation of thin phytoplankton layers. Science 323, 1067–1070.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Rothman, J.S., Cathala, L., Steuber, V., Silver, R.A., 2009. Synaptic depression enables neuronal gain control. Nature 457, 1015–1018.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Evans, R., 2010. Seven Secrets of the Savvy School Leader. Jossey-Bass, San Francisco, CA, USA.

An edited book

Sun, L., 2013. Guide to Voice and Video over IP: For Fixed and Mobile Networks, Computer Communications and Networks. Springer, London.

A chapter in an edited book

Koehl, M., Le Moal, M., Abrous, D.N., 2011. Stress Disorders, in: Seki, T., Sawamoto, K., Parent, J.M., Alvarez-Buylla, A. (Eds.), Neurogenesis in the Adult Brain II: Clinical Implications. Springer Japan, Tokyo, pp. 53–97.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Solar Energy.

Blog post

Davis, J., 2015. Antibody Therapy That Prevents Neurological Damage In Mice Could Help With Alzheimer’s [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1983. Bureau of Indian Affairs Plans To Consolidate Off-Reservation Indian Boarding Schools (No. RCED-83-204). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Paulone, S., 2013. Mergers and Acquisitions: Examining Managerial Strategy Connection to Post Transaction Accounting Measures (Doctoral dissertation). Northcentral University, Scottsdale, AZ.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Wagner, J., 2017. Big Setback For Wright; Season Ends For Cespedes. New York Times B9.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Pinheiro, 2013).
This sentence cites two references (Pinheiro, 2013; Plous and Herzog, 2001).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Plous and Herzog, 2001)
Three or more authors: (Rothman et al., 2009)

About the journal

Full journal title	Solar Energy
Abbreviation	Sol. Energy
ISSN (print)	0038-092X
Scope	Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment General Materials Science