How to format your references using the Solar Energy citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Solar Energy. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Adam, D., 2001. UK changes policy on life insurance. Nature 414, 6.

A journal article with 2 authors

Kissa, K., Herbomel, P., 2010. Blood stem cells emerge from aortic endothelium by a novel type of cell transition. Nature 464, 112–115.

A journal article with 3 authors

Li, L., Wang, H., Zhao, X., 2014. Effects of Rhodiola on production, health and gut development of broilers reared at high altitude in Tibet. Sci. Rep. 4, 7166.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Audet, P., Bostock, M.G., Christensen, N.I., Peacock, S.M., 2009. Seismic evidence for overpressured subducted oceanic crust and megathrust fault sealing. Nature 457, 76–78.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Gregory, J., 2014. Central Counterparties. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK.

An edited book

Różewski, P., 2011. Intelligent Open Learning Systems: Concepts, Models and Algorithms, Intelligent Systems Reference Library. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

A chapter in an edited book

Oh, S., Woo, W., 2008. ARGarden: Augmented Edutainment System with a Learning Companion, in: Pan, Z., Cheok, A.D., Müller, W., Rhalibi, A.E. (Eds.), Transactions on Edutainment I, Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 40–50.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Solar Energy.

Blog post

Andrew, E., 2014. $250 Million Increase To NASA’s Budget Next Year [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/space/250-million-increase-nasa’s-budget-next-year/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1973. Alleged Violations of the Kentucky State Plan for Vocational Education and Federal Regulations on Vocational Education by the Kentucky Department of Education (No. B-164031(1)). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Lewis, D.S., 2010. Global Educational Ecosystem: Case study of a partnership with K–12 schools, community organizations, and business (Doctoral dissertation). Pepperdine University, Malibu, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Billard, M., 2010. As Calculated As Tie-Dye Can Get. New York Times E5.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Adam, 2001).
This sentence cites two references (Adam, 2001; Kissa and Herbomel, 2010).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Kissa and Herbomel, 2010)
Three or more authors: (Audet et al., 2009)

About the journal

Full journal title	Solar Energy
Abbreviation	Sol. Energy
ISSN (print)	0038-092X
Scope	Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment General Materials Science