How to format your references using the Solar Energy citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Solar Energy. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Nestler, E.J., 2001. Neurobiology. Total recall-the memory of addiction. Science 292, 2266–2267.

A journal article with 2 authors

Soubeyrand, B., Plotkin, S.A., 2002. Microbial evolution: antitoxin vaccines and pathogen virulence. Nature 417, 609–10; discussion 610.

A journal article with 3 authors

Morran, L.T., Parmenter, M.D., Phillips, P.C., 2009. Mutation load and rapid adaptation favour outcrossing over self-fertilization. Nature 462, 350–352.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Terszowski, G., Müller, S.M., Bleul, C.C., Blum, C., Schirmbeck, R., Reimann, J., Pasquier, L.D., Amagai, T., Boehm, T., Rodewald, H.-R., 2006. Evidence for a functional second thymus in mice. Science 312, 284–287.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Gray, R., 2011. A History of American Literature. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK.

An edited book

Llerena, P., Matt, M. (Eds.), 2005. Innovation Policy in a Knowledge-Based Economy: Theory and Practice. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

A chapter in an edited book

Macià, F., 2015. High-Frequency Dynamics for the Schrödinger Equation, with Applications to Dispersion and Observability, in: Besse, C., Garreau, J.-C. (Eds.), Nonlinear Optical and Atomic Systems: At the Interface of Physics and Mathematics, Lecture Notes in Mathematics. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp. 275–335.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Solar Energy.

Blog post

Andrew, E., 2016. Modifying Mosquitoes To Stop Transmission Of Dengue Fever [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/modifying-mosquitoes-stop-transmission-dengue-fever/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1976. NSA Methods of Acquiring Automatic Data Processing Equipment (No. LCD-76-123). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Shirley, A., 2012. Connecting foster children with their siblings within a summer camp setting: A grant proposal (Doctoral dissertation). California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Rothenberg, B., 2017. Sharapova’s Comeback to Start in Germany. New York Times B12.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Nestler, 2001).
This sentence cites two references (Nestler, 2001; Soubeyrand and Plotkin, 2002).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Soubeyrand and Plotkin, 2002)
Three or more authors: (Terszowski et al., 2006)

About the journal

Full journal title	Solar Energy
Abbreviation	Sol. Energy
ISSN (print)	0038-092X
Scope	Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment General Materials Science