How to format your references using the Soils and Foundations citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Soils and Foundations. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Nicholls, H., 2009. Darwin 200: A flight of fancy. Nature 457, 790–791.

A journal article with 2 authors

Lambert, J.D., Nagy, L.M., 2002. Asymmetric inheritance of centrosomally localized mRNAs during embryonic cleavages. Nature 420, 682–686.

A journal article with 3 authors

Videler, J.J., Stamhuis, E.J., Povel, G.D.E., 2004. Leading-edge vortex lifts swifts. Science 306, 1960–1962.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Shelly, D.R., Beroza, G.C., Ide, S., Nakamula, S., 2006. Low-frequency earthquakes in Shikoku, Japan, and their relationship to episodic tremor and slip. Nature 442, 188–191.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Geman, H., 2015. Agricultural Finance. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK.

An edited book

Sirisuk, P., Morgan, F., El-Ghazawi, T., Amano, H. (Eds.), 2010. Reconfigurable Computing: Architectures, Tools and Applications: 6th International Symposium, ARC 2010, Bangkok, Thailand, March 17-19, 2010. Proceedings, Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

A chapter in an edited book

Thirunarayanan, M.O., 2011. Four Priorities for Doctoral Programs in Small Colleges/Universities, in: Pérez, D.M.C., Fain, S.M., Slater, J.J. (Eds.), Higher Education and Human Capital: Re/Thinking the Doctorate in America. SensePublishers, Rotterdam, pp. 65–73.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Soils and Foundations.

Blog post

Andrew, E., 2015. Russia has Released an Official Guide on how to Stay Safe... When Taking a Selfie [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/technology/russia-has-released-official-how-stay-safewhen-taking-selfie/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 2014. Department of Homeland Security: Continued Actions Needed to Strengthen Oversight and Coordination of Research and Development (No. GAO-14-813T). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Mirzalou, R., 2017. Design and simulation of an 8-PSK super regenerative receiver with new phase detection technique (Doctoral dissertation). California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

(nyt), S.K., 2003. World Briefing | Europe: Russia: A Call For More Money To Fight Aids. New York Times A6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Nicholls, 2009).
This sentence cites two references (Lambert and Nagy, 2002; Nicholls, 2009).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Lambert and Nagy, 2002)
Three or more authors: (Shelly et al., 2006)

About the journal

Full journal title	Soils and Foundations
ISSN (print)	0038-0806
Scope	Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology Civil and Structural Engineering