How to format your references using the Soils and Foundations citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Soils and Foundations. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Kazilek, C., 2010. SPORE series winner. Got a question? “Ask A Biologist.” Science 330, 1192–1193.

A journal article with 2 authors

Tanaka, M., Lisberger, S.G., 2001. Regulation of the gain of visually guided smooth-pursuit eye movements by frontal cortex. Nature 409, 191–194.

A journal article with 3 authors

Gordon, A.L., Susanto, R.D., Vranes, K., 2003. Cool Indonesian throughflow as a consequence of restricted surface layer flow. Nature 425, 824–828.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Wang, K., Zhao, J., Cheng, Q., Dong, D.S., Cui, T.J., 2014. Broadband and broad-angle low-scattering metasurface based on hybrid optimization algorithm. Sci. Rep. 4, 5935.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Torres-Moreno, J.-M., 2014. Automatic Text Summarization. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

Theeramunkong, T., Kijsirikul, B., Cercone, N., Ho, T.-B. (Eds.), 2009. Advances in Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining: 13th Pacific-Asia Conference, PAKDD 2009 Bangkok, Thailand, April 27-30, 2009 Proceedings, Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

A chapter in an edited book

Lalanda, P., McCann, J.A., Diaconescu, A., 2013. Autonomic Computing Architectures, in: McCann, J.A., Diaconescu, A. (Eds.), Autonomic Computing: Principles, Design and Implementation, Undergraduate Topics in Computer Science. Springer, London, pp. 95–128.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Soils and Foundations.

Blog post

Andrew, E., 2015. Ode To The Fruit Fly: Tiny Lab Subject Crucial To Basic Research [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/ode-fruit-fly-tiny-lab-subject-crucial-basic-research/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1996. FCC: Policies and Rules Concerning Children’s Television Programming--Revision of Programming Policies for Television Broadcast Stations (No. OGC-96-37). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Nash, M.C., 2017. Reading Achievement: A Study of Perceptions of First-Grade Teachers and the Relationship Between Attendance and Reading Achievement (Doctoral dissertation). Lindenwood University, St. Charles, MO.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Mackay, I.P., 1919. SAFE DEMOCRACY. New York Times Editorial37.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Kazilek, 2010).
This sentence cites two references (Kazilek, 2010; Tanaka and Lisberger, 2001).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Tanaka and Lisberger, 2001)
Three or more authors: (Wang et al., 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Soils and Foundations
ISSN (print)	0038-0806
Scope	Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology Civil and Structural Engineering