How to format your references using the Seminars in Arthroplasty citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Seminars in Arthroplasty. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Ball P. Let’s catch some rays. Nature 2002;419:12–4.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Drake MJ, Righter K. Determining the composition of the Earth. Nature 2002;416:39–44.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Baier DB, Gatesy SM, Jenkins FA. A critical ligamentous mechanism in the evolution of avian flight. Nature 2007;445:307–10.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Garcia-Perez JL, Morell M, Scheys JO, Kulpa DA, Morell S, Carter CC, et al. Epigenetic silencing of engineered L1 retrotransposition events in human embryonic carcinoma cells. Nature 2010;466:769–73.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Sóbester A, Forrester AIJ. Aircraft Aerodynamic Design. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2014.

An edited book

[1]

Gussak I, Antzelevitch C, editors. Electrical Diseases of the Heart: Volume 2: Diagnosis and Treatment. 2nd ed. 2013. London: Springer; 2013.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Mickel AE, Dallimore EJ. Work Stress: Help Me Get My Feet Back on the Ground. In: Reilly NP, Sirgy MJ, Gorman CA, editors. Work and Quality of Life: Ethical Practices in Organizations, Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2012, p. 65–78.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Seminars in Arthroplasty.

Blog post

[1]

O`Callaghan J. Life Might Jump Between Planets In The TRAPPIST-1 System. IFLScience 2017. https://www.iflscience.com/space/life-might-jump-between-planets-in-the-trappist-1-system/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Serious Shortcomings in FAA’s Training Program Must Be Remedied. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1990.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Baker D. Does team patient care mean better patient outcomes? Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach, 2016.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Schweber N, Barron J. Lining Up for the Final Drops of New Jersey’s Cheaper Gas. New York Times 2016:A19.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Seminars in Arthroplasty
Abbreviation	Semin. Arthroplasty
ISSN (print)	1045-4527
Scope	Orthopedics and Sports Medicine Surgery

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