How to format your references using the Seminars in Arthroplasty citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Seminars in Arthroplasty. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Cooper B. Turing centenary: The incomputable reality. Nature 2012;482:465.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

McGraw JB, Furedi MA. Deer browsing and population viability of a forest understory plant. Science 2005;307:920–2.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Rubenstein M, Cornejo A, Nagpal R. Robotics. Programmable self-assembly in a thousand-robot swarm. Science 2014;345:795–9.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Ebrahim SH, Memish ZA, Uyeki TM, Khoja TAM, Marano N, McNabb SJN. Public health. Pandemic H1N1 and the 2009 Hajj. Science 2009;326:938–40.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Levitin V. High Temperature Strain of Metals and Alloys. Weinheim, FRG: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA; 2005.

An edited book

[1]

Grobman S. The Second Economy: The Race for Trust, Treasure and Time in the Cybersecurity War. Berkeley, CA: Apress; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Okitsu K. Sonochemical Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles. In: Ashokkumar M, editor. Theoretical and Experimental Sonochemistry Involving Inorganic Systems, Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2011, p. 131–50.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Seminars in Arthroplasty.

Blog post

[1]

Hale T. Rosetta Watches A Rare Outburst From Comet 67P. IFLScience 2016. https://www.iflscience.com/space/rosetta-watches-a-rare-outburst-from-comet-67p/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Automobile Weight and Safety. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1991.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Wolff A. PRIDE: A psycho-educational peer support group for LGBTIQ youth: A grant proposal. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach, 2013.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Markoff J. Start-Up Imagines Driverless Vehicles That Can Tell You Where They’re Going. New York Times 2016:B3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Seminars in Arthroplasty
Abbreviation	Semin. Arthroplasty
ISSN (print)	1045-4527
Scope	Orthopedics and Sports Medicine Surgery

Research and Writing Guides