How to format your references using the Seminars in Arthroplasty citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Seminars in Arthroplasty. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Gelfand M. What is to be done about Russian science? Nature 2013;500:379.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Arim M, Barbosa O. Humped pattern of diversity: fact or artifact? Science 2002;297:1763; discussion 1763.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Moore SD, McGinness KE, Sauer RT. Structural biology. A glimpse into tmRNA-mediated ribosome rescue. Science 2003;300:72–3.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Schneider H, Downey J, Smith A, Zinselmeyer BH, Rush C, Brewer JM, et al. Reversal of the TCR stop signal by CTLA-4. Science 2006;313:1972–5.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Alacoque JC. Direct Eigen Control for Induction Machines and Synchronous Motors. Chichester, UK: A John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2012.

An edited book

[1]

Hoalst-Pullen N, Patterson MW, editors. Geospatial Technologies in Environmental Management. vol. 3. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2010.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Veiga LG, Kurian M. Intergovernmental Fiscal Relations: Questions of Accountability and Autonomy. In: Kurian M, Ardakanian R, editors. Governing the Nexus: Water, Soil and Waste Resources Considering Global Change, Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015, p. 63–81.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Seminars in Arthroplasty.

Blog post

[1]

Hale T. Earthquake Scientists Have Lost Their Favorite Curb In San Francisco. IFLScience 2016.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. FAA Technical Training. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1994.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Albers C. One Academic Year Study of Experiences of One Cohort of Graduates from a Midwestern University’s Teacher Education Program. Doctoral dissertation. Lindenwood University, 2015.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Fuller T, Turkewitz J, Alcindor Y, Dougherty C, Kovaleski SF. A ‘Ghost Ship’ All but Unseen, Until 36 Died. New York Times 2016:A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Seminars in Arthroplasty
Abbreviation	Semin. Arthroplasty
ISSN (print)	1045-4527
Scope	Orthopedics and Sports Medicine Surgery