How to format your references using the Seminars in Arthroplasty citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Seminars in Arthroplasty. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Stein LY. Microbiology: Cyanate fuels the nitrogen cycle. Nature 2015;524:43–4.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Araújo MB, Rahbek C. Ecology. How does climate change affect biodiversity? Science 2006;313:1396–7.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Ackerman JM, Nocera CC, Bargh JA. Incidental haptic sensations influence social judgments and decisions. Science 2010;328:1712–5.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Zhang D-W, Shao J, Lin J, Zhang N, Lu B-J, Lin S-C, et al. RIP3, an energy metabolism regulator that switches TNF-induced cell death from apoptosis to necrosis. Science 2009;325:332–6.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Duchon C, Hale R. Time Series Analysis in Meteorology and Climatology. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2012.

An edited book

[1]

Bosse T, Geller A, Jonker CM, editors. Multi-Agent-Based Simulation XI: International Workshop, MABS 2010, Toronto, Canada, May 11, 2010, Revised Selected Papers. vol. 6532. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2011.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Capello R, Fratesi U. Space and Empirical Approaches to Regional Growth. In: Camagni R, Chizzolini B, Fratesi U, editors. Modelling Regional Scenarios for the Enlarged Europe: European Competiveness and Global Strategies, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2008, p. 49–67.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Seminars in Arthroplasty.

Blog post

[1]

Luntz S. Corals Beat Heat By Swapping Algal Partners. IFLScience 2015.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Review of Accounts, CAB Through June 30, 1971. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1972.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Clater MJ. Interposed between God and man: Agency in the Requiems of Berlioz and Fauré. Doctoral dissertation. Indiana University, 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Powell M. Defining Success. New York Times 2017:SP1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Seminars in Arthroplasty
Abbreviation	Semin. Arthroplasty
ISSN (print)	1045-4527
Scope	Orthopedics and Sports Medicine Surgery