How to format your references using the Seminars in Arthroplasty citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Seminars in Arthroplasty. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Cyranoski D. Japan election sparks science pledges. Nature 2009;460:938.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Bruick RK, McKnight SL. Transcription. Oxygen sensing gets a second wind. Science 2002;295:807–8.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Rojas JP, Torres Sevilla GA, Hussain MM. Can we build a truly high performance computer which is flexible and transparent? Sci Rep 2013;3:2609.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Galli C, Lagutina I, Crotti G, Colleoni S, Turini P, Ponderato N, et al. Pregnancy: a cloned horse born to its dam twin. Nature 2003;424:635.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Mowlaee P, Kulmer J, Stahl J, Mayer F. Single Channel Phase-Aware Signal Processing in Speech Communication: Theory and Practice. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2017.

An edited book

[1]

Anderson E. The Changing Dynamics of Bisexual Men’s Lives: Social Research Perspectives. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Cai G, Chen BM, Lee TH. Measurement Signal Enhancement. In: Chen BM, Lee TH, editors. Unmanned Rotorcraft Systems, London: Springer; 2011, p. 83–96.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Seminars in Arthroplasty.

Blog post

[1]

Andrew E. Five Years After The Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill: Impacts On Gulf Communities And Seafood. IFLScience 2015. https://www.iflscience.com/environment/five-years-after-deepwater-horizon-oil-spill-impacts-gulf-communities-and-seafood/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Athletic Department Profiles. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1993.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Gonzalez ER. Technology and adiposity: Effects of television time, video or computer game time, and computer use on body fat among Latino youth. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach, 2015.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Vecsey G. Staying on the Island, but Moving a World Away. New York Times 2014:SP4.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Seminars in Arthroplasty
Abbreviation	Semin. Arthroplasty
ISSN (print)	1045-4527
Scope	Orthopedics and Sports Medicine Surgery