How to format your references using the Seminars in Arthroplasty citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Seminars in Arthroplasty. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Sarewitz D. CRISPR: Science can’t solve it. Nature 2015;522:413–4.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Stechmann A, Cavalier-Smith T. Rooting the eukaryote tree by using a derived gene fusion. Science 2002;297:89–91.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Lukens JM, Leaird DE, Weiner AM. A temporal cloak at telecommunication data rate. Nature 2013;498:205–8.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Zimmerman C, Klein KC, Kiser PK, Singh AR, Firestein BL, Riba SC, et al. Identification of a host protein essential for assembly of immature HIV-1 capsids. Nature 2002;415:88–92.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Yakushevich LV. Nonlinear Physics of DNA. Weinheim, FRG: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA; 2005.

An edited book

[1]

Mühlhäuser M, Ferscha A, Aitenbichler E, editors. Constructing Ambient Intelligence: AmI 2007 Workshops Darmstadt, Germany, November 7-10, 2007 Revised Papers. vol. 11. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2008.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Costa EP, Lorena AC, Carvalho ACPLF, Freitas AA. Top-Down Hierarchical Ensembles of Classifiers for Predicting G-Protein-Coupled-Receptor Functions. In: Bazzan ALC, Craven M, Martins NF, editors. Advances in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology: Third Brazilian Symposium on Bioinformatics, BSB 2008, Santo André, Brazil, August 28-30, 2008. Proceedings, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2008, p. 35–46.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Seminars in Arthroplasty.

Blog post

[1]

Davis J. Amazon Rainforest Could Be Set For An Intense Wildfire Season Driven By El Niño. IFLScience 2016.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Title I: Although Definitions of Administrative Expenditures Vary, Almost All Districts Studied Spent Less Than 10 Percent on Administration. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2003.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Brothers J. Nonparametric regression using wavelet transformations and noise reduction in audio signals. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach, 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Turkewitz J, Pérez-Peña R, Healy J. Deluged and Weary, Texas Braces for Years of Recovery. New York Times 2017:A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Seminars in Arthroplasty
Abbreviation	Semin. Arthroplasty
ISSN (print)	1045-4527
Scope	Orthopedics and Sports Medicine Surgery