How to format your references using the Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Berkley S. Make vaccine coverage a key UN health indicator. Nature 2015;526:165.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Hågvar S, Ohlson M. Ancient carbon from a melting glacier gives high ¹⁴C age in living pioneer invertebrates. Sci Rep 2013;3:2820.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Baldo MA, Thompson ME, Forrest SR. High-efficiency fluorescent organic light-emitting devices using a phosphorescent sensitizer. Nature 2000;403:750–3.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Bukowski MR, Koehntop KD, Stubna A, Bominaar EL, Halfen JA, Münck E, et al. A thiolate-ligated nonheme oxoiron(IV) complex relevant to cytochrome P450. Science 2005;310:1000–2.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Dos Santos EC Jr, Cabral da Silva ER. ADVANCED POWER ELECTRONICS CONVERTERS. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc; 2014.

An edited book

[1]

Abraham D, Handler C, Dashwood M, Coghlan G, editors. Translational Vascular Medicine: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatment. London: Springer; 2012.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Dietzfelbinger M, Edelkamp S. Perfect Hashing for State Spaces in BDD Representation. In: Mertsching B, Hund M, Aziz Z, editors. KI 2009: Advances in Artificial Intelligence: 32nd Annual German Conference on AI, Paderborn, Germany, September 15-18, 2009. Proceedings, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2009, p. 33–40.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism.

Blog post

[1]

Luntz S. Birds That Wake Up Earlier Have More Offspring. IFLScience 2015. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/early-birds-watch-out/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Computer Technology at IRS: Present and Planned. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1983.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

McElhoes JL. Spatial, Technological, and Functional Variability Among the Prehistoric Ceramics of the Southern California Coast. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach, 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

McKINLEY JC Jr. Released Man’s Murder Charge Stokes a Bail Debate. New York Times 2017:A22.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism
Abbreviation	Semin. Arthritis Rheum.
ISSN (print)	0049-0172
Scope	Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine Rheumatology