How to format your references using the Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Yang LH. Periodical cicadas as resource pulses in North American forests. Science 2004;306:1565–7.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Brovkin V, Claussen M. Comment on “Climate-driven ecosystem succession in the Sahara: the past 6000 years.” Science 2008;322:1326; author reply 1326.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Gorb EV, Baum MJ, Gorb SN. Development and regeneration ability of the wax coverage in Nepenthes alata pitchers: a cryo-SEM approach. Sci Rep 2013;3:3078.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Zhang X, Zwiers FW, Hegerl GC, Lambert FH, Gillett NP, Solomon S, et al. Detection of human influence on twentieth-century precipitation trends. Nature 2007;448:461–5.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Yener M, Dundar O. Expert Android ® Studio. Indianapolis, Indiana: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2016.

An edited book

[1]

Iijima S, Nishijima K-I, editors. Animal Cell Technology: Basic & Applied Aspects. vol. 14. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2006.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Müller WC, Meyer TM. Mutual Veto? How Coalitions Work. In: König T, Debus M, Tsebelis G, editors. Reform Processes and Policy Change: Veto Players and Decision-Making in Modern Democracies, New York, NY: Springer; 2011, p. 99–124.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism.

Blog post

[1]

Andrew E. Ceres Is Shown In Most Stunning Detail Ever. IFLScience 2015. https://www.iflscience.com/space/ceres-shown-most-stunning-detail-ever/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Tax Systems Modernization: Cyberfile Project Was Poorly Planned and Managed. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1996.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Laird T. Risk and protective factors associated with adjudicated versus non -adjudicated youths arrested for substance use. Doctoral dissertation. University of Arizona, 2008.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Greenhouse L. Vote Against Banner Shows Divide on Speech in Schools. New York Times 2007:A18.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism
Abbreviation	Semin. Arthritis Rheum.
ISSN (print)	0049-0172
Scope	Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine Rheumatology