How to format your references using the Semigroup Forum citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Semigroup Forum. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Seeman, P.: Comment on “Diverse psychotomimetics act through a common signaling pathway.” Science. 305, 180; author reply 180 (2004)

A journal article with 2 authors

Cruz, M., Coontz, R.: Galaxy evolution. A universe of galaxies. Introduction. Science. 333, 169 (2011)

A journal article with 3 authors

Loughlin, P.C., Willows, R.D., Chen, M.: In vitro conversion of vinyl to formyl groups in naturally occurring chlorophylls. Sci. Rep. 4, 6069 (2014)

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Gillooly, J.F., Charnov, E.L., West, G.B., Savage, V.M., Brown, J.H.: Effects of size and temperature on developmental time. Nature. 417, 70–73 (2002)

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Todinov, M.T.: Reliability and Risk Models. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK (2005)

An edited book

Groenewegen, H.J., Voorn, P., Berendse, H.W., Mulder, A.B., Cools, A.R. eds: The Basal Ganglia IX. Springer, New York, NY (2009)

A chapter in an edited book

Roberts, P.: Changing Scholarly Lives: Neoliberalism, Discipline(s) and Educational Research. In: Reid, A.D., Hart, E.P., and Peters, M.A. (eds.) A Companion to Research in Education. pp. 41–45. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht (2014)

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Semigroup Forum.

Blog post

Andrew, E.: Battery Costs Drop Even Faster As Electric Car Sales Continue To Rise

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office: Intercity Passenger Rail: Financial Performance of Amtrak’s Routes. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC (1998)

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Jenkins, D.: Leadership Best Practices for Female Executives in the Information Technology Industry, (2017)

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Paulson, M.: Spacey Apologizes After Accusation of Misconduct, (2017)

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Semigroup Forum
Abbreviation	Agron. J.
ISSN (print)	0037-1912
ISSN (online)	1432-2137
Scope	Algebra and Number Theory