How to format your references using the Scientific Reports citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Scientific Reports. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Sharpe, J. Developmental biology: Cells unite by trapping a signal. Nature 515, 41–42 (2014).

A journal article with 2 authors

Gutierrez, M. P. & Lee, L. P. Engineering. Multiscale design and integration of sustainable building functions. Science 341, 247–248 (2013).

A journal article with 3 authors

Abundo, C., Monterola, C. & Legara, E. F. Criticality of forcing directions on the fragmentation and resilience of grid networks. Sci. Rep. 4, 6195 (2014).

A journal article with 6 or more authors

Benesh, E. C., Humphrey, P. A., Wang, Q. & Moley, K. H. Maternal high-fat diet induces hyperproliferation and alters Pten/Akt signaling in prostates of offspring. Sci. Rep. 3, 3466 (2013).

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Degner, R. & Leibl, S. PH Messen. (Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, FRG, 2005).

An edited book

Typed Lambda Calculi and Applications: 8th International Conference,TLCA 2007, Paris, France,June 26-28, 2007. Proceedings. vol. 4583 (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2007).

A chapter in an edited book

Potter, G. B., Gibbs, J. C., Robbins, M. & Langdon, P. E. Equipping a Responsible Adult Culture Through Equipment Meetings. in A Comprehensive Cognitive Behavioral Program for Offenders: Responsible Adult Culture (eds. Gibbs, J. C., Robbins, M. & Langdon, P. E.) 131–140 (Springer International Publishing, Cham, 2015).

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Scientific Reports.

Blog post

Andrew, E. One Night Of Sleep Deprivation Can Affect The Genes That Control The Biological Clocks In Your Cells. IFLScience https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/one-night-sleep-deprivation-can-affect-genes-control-biological-clocks-your/ (2015).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Space Station: Cost Control Problems Are Worsening. (1997).

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

White, J. Support group for family caregivers of Alzheimer’s patients: A grant proposal. (California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA, 2014).

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Hoffman, C. David Lynch Has a Great Idea for a Movie. New York Times MM26 (2013).

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Scientific Reports
Abbreviation	Sci. Rep.
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
Scope	Multidisciplinary