How to format your references using the Scandinavian Political Studies citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Scandinavian Political Studies. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Bell, L. E. 2008. ‘Cooling, heating, generating power, and recovering waste heat with thermoelectric systems’, Science (New York, N.Y.) 321, 1457–61.

A journal article with 2 authors

Romanowicz, B. & Gung, Y. 2002. ‘Superplumes from the core-mantle boundary to the lithosphere: implications for heat flux’, Science (New York, N.Y.) 296, 513–6.

A journal article with 3 authors

Rohde, D. L. T., Olson, S. & Chang, J. T. 2004. ‘Modelling the recent common ancestry of all living humans’, Nature 431, 562–6.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Yan, H. et al. 2018. ‘Sterically controlled mechanochemistry under hydrostatic pressure’, Nature 554, 505–10.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Armstrong, R. A. & Hilton, A. C. 2010. Statistical Analysis in Microbiology: Statnotes. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Herrera, F. 2016. Multilabel Classification: Problem Analysis, Metrics and Techniques. Charte, F., Rivera, A. J., & del Jesus, M. J., eds., Cham: Springer International Publishing.

A chapter in an edited book

Clayton, W. S., Petri, B. G. & Huling, S. G. 2011. ‘Fundamentals of ISCO Using Ozone’, in Siegrist, R. L., Crimi, M., & Simpkin, T. J., eds. In Situ Chemical Oxidation for Groundwater Remediation. SERDP/ESTCP Environmental Remediation Technology, New York, NY: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Scandinavian Political Studies.

Blog post

Andrew, E. 2013. ‘Hubble Spots Odd Asteroid With Six Tails’, IFLScience. Available at: https://www.iflscience.com/space/hubble-spots-odd-asteroid-six-tails/ [Accessed October 30, 2018].

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office 2009. Meal Counting and Claiming by Food Service Management Companies in the School Meal Programs. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Grigoryan, A. 2015. Feedback 2.0 in online writing instruction: Combining audio-visual and text-based commentary to enhance student revision and writing competency. Doctoral dissertation. Malibu, CA: Pepperdine University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Pogrebin, R. & Cooper, M. 2017. ‘Geffen Calls Lack of Aid For a Hall “Shameful”’, New York Times, C1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Bell 2008).
This sentence cites two references (Bell 2008; Romanowicz & Gung 2002).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Romanowicz & Gung 2002)
Three or more authors: (Yan et al. 2018)

About the journal

Full journal title	Scandinavian Political Studies
Abbreviation	Scan. Polit. Stud.
ISSN (print)	0080-6757
ISSN (online)	1467-9477
Scope	Sociology and Political Science