How to format your references using the Scandinavian Political Studies citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Scandinavian Political Studies. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Medlyn, B. E. 2011. ‘Comment on “Drought-induced reduction in global terrestrial net primary production from 2000 through 2009”’, Science (New York, N.Y.) 333, 1093; author reply 1093.

A journal article with 2 authors

Peter, I. S. & Davidson, E. H. 2011. ‘A gene regulatory network controlling the embryonic specification of endoderm’, Nature 474, 635–9.

A journal article with 3 authors

Trail, D., Watson, E. B. & Tailby, N. D. 2011. ‘The oxidation state of Hadean magmas and implications for early Earth’s atmosphere’, Nature 480, 79–82.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Georg, R. B. et al. 2007. ‘Silicon in the Earth’s core’, Nature 447, 1102–6.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Saksena, F. B. 2008. Color Atlas of Local and Systemic Signs of Cardiovascular Disease. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

An edited book

Akdeniz, C. ed. 2016. Instructional Process and Concepts in Theory and Practice: Improving the Teaching Process. Singapore: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Pollet, B. G., Staffell, I. & Adamson, K.-A. 2016. ‘Structure of the Energy Sector in South Africa’, in Staffell, I. & Adamson, K.-A., eds. The Energy Landscape in the Republic of South Africa. SpringerBriefs in Energy, Cham: Springer International Publishing.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Scandinavian Political Studies.

Blog post

Davis, J. 2017. ‘Half Of All Life May Be Extinct Within A Century’, IFLScience. Available at: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/half-of-all-life-may-be-extinct-within-a-century/ [Accessed October 30, 2018].

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office 1981. Opportunities Still Exist To Better Use the Mint’s Data Processing Center. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Tubbs, M. A. 2014. The use of hand-constructed graphs in Microcomputer-Based Laboratories for kinematics instruction. Doctoral dissertation. Long Beach, CA: California State University, Long Beach.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kishkovsky, S. 2010. ‘David Sarkisyan, 62, Moscow Preservationist’, New York Times, A25.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Medlyn 2011).
This sentence cites two references (Medlyn 2011; Peter & Davidson 2011).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Peter & Davidson 2011)
Three or more authors: (Georg et al. 2007)

About the journal

Full journal title	Scandinavian Political Studies
Abbreviation	Scan. Polit. Stud.
ISSN (print)	0080-6757
ISSN (online)	1467-9477
Scope	Sociology and Political Science