How to format your references using the Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Prantzos, N., 2016. Cosmology: Rare isotopic insight into the Universe. Nature 529, 33–34.

A journal article with 2 authors

Schmidt, V., Gösele, U., 2007. Materials science. How nanowires grow. Science 316, 698–699.

A journal article with 3 authors

Selje, N., Simon, M., Brinkhoff, T., 2004. A newly discovered Roseobacter cluster in temperate and polar oceans. Nature 427, 445–448.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Brem, R.B., Storey, J.D., Whittle, J., Kruglyak, L., 2005. Genetic interactions between polymorphisms that affect gene expression in yeast. Nature 436, 701–703.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Maji, P., Pal, S.K., 2012. Rough-Fuzzy Pattern Recognition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

Spaide, R.F., Ohno-Matsui, K., Yannuzzi, L.A. (Eds.), 2014. Pathologic Myopia. Springer, New York, NY.

A chapter in an edited book

Gradusova, O., Nesterina, E., 2009. The Current Status of Forensic Soil Examination in the Russian Federation, in: Ritz, K., Dawson, L., Miller, D. (Eds.), Criminal and Environmental Soil Forensics. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, pp. 61–73.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal.

Blog post

Fang, J., 2014. As Temperatures Rise, More Sea Turtle Hatchlings are Girls [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/temperatures-rise-more-sea-turtle-hatchlings-are-girls/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 2004. Taxpayer Information: Data Sharing and Analysis May Enhance Tax Compliance and Improve Immigration Eligibility Decisions (No. GAO-04-972T). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Cao, Y., 2006. Morphological and Functional Characterization of the Neurotransmitter GABA in Adult Rat Taste Buds (Doctoral dissertation). Ohio State University, Columbus, OH.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Barron, J., 2016. A Piece of Film History, Hidden in a Home Movie. New York Times A19.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Prantzos, 2016).
This sentence cites two references (Prantzos, 2016; Schmidt and Gösele, 2007).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Schmidt and Gösele, 2007)
Three or more authors: (Brem et al., 2005)

About the journal

Full journal title	Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal
Abbreviation	Saudi Pharm. J.
ISSN (print)	1319-0164
Scope	Pharmaceutical Science Pharmacology