How to format your references using the Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Gilbert, D.M., 2001. Making sense of eukaryotic DNA replication origins. Science 294, 96–100.

A journal article with 2 authors

Nair, G., Raj, A., 2011. Molecular biology. Time-lapse transcription. Science 332, 431–432.

A journal article with 3 authors

Galy, V., Peucker-Ehrenbrink, B., Eglinton, T., 2015. Global carbon export from the terrestrial biosphere controlled by erosion. Nature 521, 204–207.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Alter, G., Heckerman, D., Schneidewind, A., Fadda, L., Kadie, C.M., Carlson, J.M., Oniangue-Ndza, C., Martin, M., Li, B., Khakoo, S.I., Carrington, M., Allen, T.M., Altfeld, M., 2011. HIV-1 adaptation to NK-cell-mediated immune pressure. Nature 476, 96–100.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Coutts, J., 2013. Loft Conversions. Blackwell Publishing Ltd, Oxford.

An edited book

Sarma, M., 2014. Phoneme-Based Speech Segmentation using Hybrid Soft Computing Framework, Studies in Computational Intelligence. Springer India, New Delhi.

A chapter in an edited book

Ma, Y., Dhawan, V., Freed, C., Fahn, S., Eidelberg, D., 2005. Positron Emission Tomography and Embryonic Dopamine Cell Transplantation in Parkinson’s Disease, in: Broderick, P.A., Rahni, D.N., Kolodny, E.H. (Eds.), Bioimaging in Neurodegeneration, Contemporary Neuroscience. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ, pp. 45–57.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal.

Blog post

Luntz, S., 2015. Stephen Fry Gets His Own Asteroid [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1977. Navigation Systems (No. 094674). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

White, B.D., 2015. Implementation of Positive Behavior Intervention and Support at the High School Level (Doctoral dissertation). Lindenwood University, St. Charles, MO.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Barker, K., Taylor, K., 2014. A Teacher Accused of Abuse Seen to Have Never Grown Up. New York Times A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Gilbert, 2001).
This sentence cites two references (Gilbert, 2001; Nair and Raj, 2011).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Nair and Raj, 2011)
Three or more authors: (Alter et al., 2011)

About the journal

Full journal title	Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal
Abbreviation	Saudi Pharm. J.
ISSN (print)	1319-0164
Scope	Pharmaceutical Science Pharmacology