How to format your references using the Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Doudna, J., 2015. Perspective: Embryo editing needs scrutiny. Nature 528, S6.

A journal article with 2 authors

Bonilla, L.L., Carpio, A., 2012. Materials science. Driving dislocations in graphene. Science 337, 161–162.

A journal article with 3 authors

Stroud, R.M., Nittler, L.R., Alexander, C.M.O., 2004. Polymorphism in presolar Al2O3 grains from asymptotic giant branch stars. Science 305, 1455–1457.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Schofield, P.N., Eppig, J., Huala, E., de Angelis, M.H., Harvey, M., Davidson, D., Weaver, T., Brown, S., Smedley, D., Rosenthal, N., Schughart, K., Aidinis, V., Tocchini-Valentini, G., Hancock, J.M., 2010. Research funding. Sustaining the data and bioresource commons. Science 330, 592–593.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Karr, R., 2009. Lead, Sell, or Get Out of the Way. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

Dinklage, A., Klinger, T., Marx, G., Schweikhard, L. (Eds.), 2005. Plasma Physics: Confinement, Transport and Collective Effects, Lecture Notes in Physics. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

A chapter in an edited book

Barro, D., Canestrelli, E., Ciurlia, P., 2008. Spatial Aggregation in Scenario Tree Reduction, in: Perna, C., Sibillo, M. (Eds.), Mathematical and Statistical Methods in Insurance and Finance. Springer, Milano, pp. 27–34.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal.

Blog post

Davis, J., 2017. Polar Bears Are On A Sea Ice “Treadmill” That Is Speeding Up [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/polar-bears-are-on-a-sea-ice-treadmill-that-is-speeding-up/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1990. Biotechnology: Processing Delays Continue for Growing Backlog of Patent Applications (No. RCED-90-231). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Bai, H., 2017. Cognitive processes of prioritization in multitasking (Doctoral dissertation). Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Medina, J., Pérez-Peña, R., Schmidt, M.S., Goodstein, L., 2015. Arms Stockpile Is Found in Home of Two Suspects. New York Times A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Doudna, 2015).
This sentence cites two references (Bonilla and Carpio, 2012; Doudna, 2015).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Bonilla and Carpio, 2012)
Three or more authors: (Schofield et al., 2010)

About the journal

Full journal title	Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal
Abbreviation	Saudi Pharm. J.
ISSN (print)	1319-0164
Scope	Pharmaceutical Science Pharmacology