How to format your references using the Safety citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Safety. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Andreae, M.O. Atmospheric Science. A New Look at Aging Aerosols. Science 2009, 326, 1493–1494.

A journal article with 2 authors

Rohatgi, R.; Scott, M.P. Cell Biology. Arrestin’ Movement in Cilia. Science 2008, 320, 1726–1727.

A journal article with 3 authors

Izumikawa, T.; Sato, B.; Kitagawa, H. Chondroitin Sulfate Is Indispensable for Pluripotency and Differentiation of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells. Sci. Rep. 2014, 4, 3701.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Rajkovic, A.; Pangas, S.A.; Ballow, D.; Suzumori, N.; Matzuk, M.M. NOBOX Deficiency Disrupts Early Folliculogenesis and Oocyte-Specific Gene Expression. Science 2004, 305, 1157–1159.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Hens, H. Building Physics: Heat, Air and Moisture; Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA: Weinheim, Germany, 2012; ISBN 9783433602379.

An edited book

Biodiversity and Conservation in Europe; Hawksworth, D.L., Bull, A.T., Eds.; Topics in Biodiversity and Conservation; Springer Netherlands: Dordrecht, 2008; Vol. 7; ISBN 9781402068645.

A chapter in an edited book

Olyveira, G.M.; Iost, R.M.; Luz, R.A.S.; Crespilho, F.N. Biofuel Cells: Bioelectrochemistry Applied to the Generation of Green Electricity. In Nanoenergy: Nanotechnology Applied for Energy Production; de Souza, F.L., Leite, E.R., Eds.; Springer: Berlin, Heidelberg, 2013; pp. 101–123 ISBN 9783642317354.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Safety.

Blog post

Andrew, E. Wolf Howling Available online: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/wolf-howling/ (accessed on 30 October 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office Proprietary Schools: Poorer Student Outcomes at Schools That Rely More on Federal Student Aid; U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, DC, 1997;

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Davis, K. Manifesting Archetypal Energy through Music. Doctoral dissertation, Pacifica Graduate Institute: Carpinteria, CA, 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kelly, C. Tarrytown, N.Y., Charms Residents and Retailers. New York Times 2013, B6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Safety
Abbreviation	Safety (Basel)
ISSN (online)	2313-576X
Scope