How to format your references using the Retrovirology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Retrovirology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Muramatsu T. Development. Carbohydrate recognition in spermatogenesis. Science. 2002;295:53–4.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Saavedra S, Stouffer DB. “Disentangling nestedness” disentangled. Nature. 2013;500:E1-2.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Regenauer-Lieb K, Weinberg RF, Rosenbaum G. The effect of energy feedbacks on continental strength. Nature. 2006;442:67–70.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Bouvier LC, Costa MM, Connelly JN, Jensen NK, Wielandt D, Storey M, et al. Evidence for extremely rapid magma ocean crystallization and crust formation on Mars. Nature. 2018;558:586–9.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Segura J, Hawkins CF. CMOS Electronics. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2005.

An edited book

1. Masulli F, Pasi G, Yager R, editors. Fuzzy Logic and Applications: 10th International Workshop, WILF 2013, Genoa, Italy, November 19-22, 2013. Proceedings. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2013.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Cartland J, Ruch-Ross HS. The Researcher’s Mark: What Researchers Bring to Communities, and What May or May Not be Left Behind When Their Work is Done. In: Fritz JM, Rhéaume J, editors. Community Intervention: Clinical Sociology Perspectives. New York, NY: Springer; 2014. p. 45–56.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Retrovirology.

Blog post

1. Andrew E. New Photographs Show Surface Of Venus. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. School Age Demographics: Recent Trends Pose New Educational Challenges. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1993 Aug. Report No.: HRD-93-105BR.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Kemp LS. Perspective processing in language comprehension: Embodied efffects depend on the pronoun [Doctoral dissertation]. [Long Beach, CA]: California State University, Long Beach; 2013.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Gorman J. When Tickled, Rats Giggle and Leap, Researchers Find. New York Times. 2016 Nov 10;A12.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Retrovirology
Abbreviation	Retrovirology
ISSN (online)	1742-4690
Scope	Virology Infectious Diseases